242 Jauo arid Teeth of a Mammoth^ 



in length, and, being about one third of the substance, gives 

 a diameter for the entire tusk of 18 in. It is a portion near 

 the base, and shows the alveolar cavity ; the surface of which 

 is full of canals and tubes for the passage of vessels. 



The whole of these remains bear evident marks of having 

 been exposed to the violent action of hard and weighty sub- 

 stances ; and being found buried under a thick bed of dis- 

 placed and transported flints leaves no doubt that the skeletons 

 of the animals were crushed by the falling of these hard and 

 weighty masses upon them, and scattered by the flood that 

 drove them along. 



Tooth of deer, a grinder. The size of this tooth indicates 

 the animal to which it belonged to have been gigantic. The 

 radical processes are broken off*. Its length, from the crown to 

 the radical processes, \^ in.; from front to back, Ijin. ; 

 thickness at the base, three quarters of an inch. 



Part of grinder of -Hippopotamus. This is of the size 

 usually found in diluvial deposits, and answers to Professor 

 Buckland's figure very correctly. 



Grinding tooth of tapir ? with a portion of the jaw attached. 

 The thickness of the jaw including it is 1 J in. ; length from 

 front to back seven eighths of an inch ; thickness five eighths 

 of an inch. [d^e,f.) 



An account of the geological situation of the remains of a 

 former world may prove interesting. I have mentioned that 

 they were found in a transverse valley of the chalk formation. 

 This valley opens into the valley of the river (Medway), 

 between Chatham church and Fort Pitt. Its northern side is 

 i3ounded by a steep ridge, being the basset edge of the upper 

 chalk ; its southern side is formed of sloping chalk hills, 

 between which small vales open into it ; these are rather 

 numerous. The length of the valley, from the mouth to its 

 termination, is about three miles ; its width from half a mile 

 to one eighth of a mile. The precipitous side is scarcely 

 covered with soil; the slope is covered over with diluvial 

 deposits, being the ruins of the chalk and plastic clay ; the 

 whole bottom or drift of the valley is covered with a dilu- 

 vial deposit also, consisting of fragmentary rolled chalk, 

 flints, clay, and sand, of the thickness of from 2 ft. to 

 12 ft. When this deposit is removed, the chalk upon which 

 it reposes is found to have been much worn and gullied 

 by a powerful stream of water. In the centre of the val- 

 ley, lying upon the chalk in these gullies, the remains in 

 question were found, embedded in a mixed mass of ^rolled 

 chalk, displaced flints, and clay, of about 2 ft. in thickness : 



