between Pantellaria and Sciacca. 



54.9 



at 100 yards, the island bearing from N. to N.W., from 60 

 to 64) fathoms ; at 80 yards, the island bearing N. E., 70 to 



75 fathoms; at 150 yards, the island bearing E., 62 fathoms, 

 cinders : the soundings continuing the same to the distance 

 of five or six miles ; that is to say, varying from 60 to 70 and 

 80 fathoms, sand and small gravel. The extent of the action 

 by which this island was elevated from below is uncertain. 

 It is a curious fact, that the tides were higher at that period at 

 Gibraltar than they were ever known to be ; but the connexion 

 of this phenomenon with the elevation of submarine formations 

 requires the evidence of correlative observations. 



Captain Swinburne observed the interior of the crater to 

 be filled with muddy water, violently agitated, dashing up 

 and down, and shooting hot stones and cinders into the air ; 

 and occasionally running into the sea, over the edge of the 

 crater, which was broken down to the level of the sea on the 

 west-south-west side for the space of 10 or 12 yards. This 

 edge he supposed, from these appearances, to be formed of 

 cinders and mud : a supposition which is contradicted by the 

 consideration that an embankment of such materials, and of 

 such slight thickness, could never retain the mass so violently 



N N 3 



