190 MR. n. spruce's yisit to the cinchona forests 



deep brick-red, and llie capsules are usually elongate-oblong, but 

 vary to roundisli-oblong. Trees of the Pata de gallinazo were 

 scarce, and I did not see any in flower or fruit. Both sorts have 

 the leaves broadly oval, with or without a slight apiculus, and 

 pubescent beneath ; but in the CucJiicara the petiole and midrib 

 are red, which is not the case with those of the Fata de gallinazo, 

 nor do the leaves of the latter turn so red with age. The CucJii- 

 cara has but few virgate branches, while the other has a denser 

 ramification. The leaves of the Cascarilla roja are of almost the 

 same form as in the other two — perhaps slightly narrower — and I 

 confess that if I had been shown the leaves only of all three, I 

 should without hesitation have referred them to the same species. 

 I hope the flowers and fruit may afford clear distinguishing cha- 

 racters. The bark of the C. roja is a deep purple-brown when 

 good ; that of the other two species a pale cinnamon-colour. It 

 is customary to scrape off the external asperities and lichens in 

 the latter, when the surface remains of a pale or whitish colour? 

 but this is never done with the Boja. The Cascarilla roja is well 

 known to abound in both quinine and cinchonine, and is con- 

 sidered far more efficacious in the cure of intermittent fevers than 

 the other two, which however are sometimes used in preference 

 when it is desired to avoid the astringent effects of the C. roja. 



Of the trees growing along with the Cascarillas in Llalla the 

 " Motilon" was the most frequent and the largest, attaining some- 

 times 60 feet high. This is the second species I have gathered 

 under this name : the fruit is an edible drupe, but I hesitate to 

 refer the genus to AmygddlecB until I see the flower. With the 

 Motilon grew, however, a true Cerasiis, with very largs leaves ; it 

 had flowers and young fruit. Other trees in the same forest were 

 the Hualla, the Ignia, a Berheris, a Mhamnus, a Nonatelia, two 

 MyrtacecB, and especially an arborescent Loranthus, with dense 

 spikes of fragrant yellow flowers, — the leaves on some ramuli 

 alternate, on others opposite, and on others three together. I had 

 previously gathered it on Tunguragua. There was also a Solaneous 

 tree, allied to Lycium, but with dull yellow bignonioid flowers 

 growing from the naked branches, and in its whole habit remind- 

 ing me much of Crescentia. The shrubs included a Barnadesia, 

 two Sahicd, a sarmentose Fuchsia, and most abundant and orna- 

 mental an aphyllous Fuchsia, epiphytal and (after the manner of 

 a Comidid) climbing high up the trees, which it adorned with its 

 large vermilion flowers. 



Patches of verdant pasture were scattered in tlie forests, and in 



