280 Mr. L. Hindmarsh on the 



as tame as domestic animals, and the ox fed as rapidly as a 

 short-horned steer. He lived 18 years, and when at his best 

 was computed at 8 cwts. qrs. 14 lbs. The cow only lived 5 

 or 6 years. She gave little milk, but the quality was rich. 

 She was crossed by a country bull ; but her progeny very 

 closely resembled herself, being entirely white, excepting the 

 ears, which were brown, and the legs, which were mottled. 

 In their wild state few die from disease, and in the present 

 keeper's time only two from calving. Mr. Baily states that 

 when any one happens to be wounded or has become weak 

 and feeble through age or sickness, the rest of the herd set 

 upon it and gore it to death. This characteristic is an addi- 

 tional and strong proof of their native wildness. 



It is remarkable that during the 33 years Mr. Cole has been 

 keeper he has perceived no alteration in their size or habits 

 from in-breeding, and that at the present time they are equal 

 in every point to what they were when he first knew them. 

 About half a dozen, within that period, have had small brown 

 or blue spots upon the cheeks and necks ; but these, with any 

 defective ones, were always destroyed. 



Although Chartley appears to be the only place where wild 

 cattle similar to those of Chillingham are now to be found, 

 down to the middle and latter end of last century, there were 

 some at Burton Constable in Yorkshire, and at Drumlanrig 

 in Dumfries-shire, which corresponded to them in almost every 

 respect. Those of Burton Constable (which were swept off 

 by a distemper) alone differed from them in having the ears, 

 muzzles, and tips of the tails black, whilst in their habits and 

 native wildness they were exactly similar. Those of Drum- 

 lanrig are described in the following extract from a letter ad- 

 dressed by the clergyman of the place to the writer of this 

 paper, under date of the 10th July of the present year. He 

 says, " In what year the wild cattle came to Drumlanrig I 

 have not been able to ascertain. The breed are described as 

 being all white, with the exception of the ears and muzzle 

 (which were black) and without manes. They went under the 

 appellation of the wild Caledonian cattle." They were driven 

 away about the year 17S0. 



Of the high antiquity of the Chillingham breed of wild cattle, 



