84 Mr. Clark's Appendix to a Treatise 



other than the male of CEstrus Tarandi, since it is found only where the rein- 

 deer frequent, although I am aware one writer asserts its having been seen in 

 Germanj'. Under considerable doubts about this species, I gave in PI. I. 

 fig. 28. a figure of a fly I apprehended might be the one alluded to ; but not 

 to create any confusion, I called it, leaving it for further inquiry, Qistrus Sti- 

 mulator. I now know it to be the identical insect in question, as well-ascer- 

 tained specimens of this fly, obtained from Sweden, were found in the collec- 

 tion of J. G. Children, Esq., when his cabinet came to the hammer two years 

 ago. I purchased them all, seven in number, and these on examination proved 

 to be every one males, at least without any exserted ovipositor, which is com- 

 mon to all the females of the genus. I next examined two fine specimens con- 

 tained in my own cabinet, both of which proved also to be males, at least with- 

 out the ovipositor; and afterwards two others in the cabinet of my worthy 

 friend Mr. W. E. Shuckard, Librarian to the Royal Society, which also proved 

 to be males, or in the same circumstances as to the ovipositor; and these facts 

 led me almost to the necessity of concluding that they were the males of (E. 

 Tarandi. The body, it is true, is particularly short and robust in this insect, 

 whilst in CE. Tarandi it is as remarkably long and taper ; but this differ- 

 ence of structure admits of a ready explanation from the very different offices 

 of the two flies, the female having to penetrate through the long, dense, matted 

 coat of the reindeer's back, which must demand some force and address, and 

 such a structure of the abdomen. Linnaeus, who was himself an eye-witness 

 of this operation in his Lapland tour, tells us that the animal stands quite still 

 to receive the infliction, which is also very remarkable. 



the Laplanders. But this name has obviously nothing to do with the real nasalis. Indeed it is pretty 

 plain to me that that excellent man under this name first described the Trompe, as the above synonym 

 ■would distinctly indicate ; and in his fuU description he remarks on the globular figure of the antennae, 

 which strongly serves to confirm it. Afterwards, it would appear, he met with the real nasalis, that 

 is CE. veterinus of my enumeration, and he then added to the description, " Segmentum primum pilis 

 albis," which is decisive of his then having in view this insect, viz. my veterinus, or the nasalis according 

 to his ' Systema,' suspecting, perhaps, that his previous CE. Trompe was not a distinct species from 

 CE. Tarandi. It is pretty clear to me that he also derived the notion of this fly entering the nose of the 

 animal from the ignorant Laplanders, and applied this remark first to the CE. Trompe, which he was then 

 evidently describing, and afterwards to the CE. veterinus. I need hardly remark here, that CE. nasalis, 

 i. e. veterinus, is certainly a bot of the horse, and lives in the stomach of that animal in its larva state, 

 and is supposed (see my dissertation) to deposit its ova on the chest or breast of the horse. 



