allied to C. saxatilis, Linn. 219 



only specimens he had had an opportunity of examining belonged " to the tall 

 form, 2 feet high, from Clova" {C. Grahami). 



Schkuhr, t. e.c. (1801), figures the fruit without nerves. Smith, ' Fl. Brit.' iii. 

 988 (1804),. says, "fructus enerves:" in the 'Eng. Bot.' xxix. t. 2045 (1809)' 

 '■'^ fruit without ribs ;" and in the ' Eng. FI.' iv. 104 (1828), '^^ fruit without angles 

 or ribs;" and Kunth, ' Cyper.' 410 (1837), says, " utriculi enervii." Neither 

 Goodenough, Wiildenow nor Wahlenberg afford any information on this 

 subject. 



I regret that I have not met with any mature fruit in the Scotch specimens, 

 the achenium in all being young and undeveloped : and the same is true of 

 the fruit of C. Grahami ; but while the nerves are palpable in the last, I cannot 

 detect any in the first, except the two marginal ones. Considering, therefore, 

 the two plants to differ in this respect, independently of the other characters 

 noticed, which might imply merely a greater luxuriance in the growth of the 

 one as compared with the other, I should have no doubt of the specific di- 

 stinction between them but for the observations of the accurate and lamented 

 Drejer, who in his ' Revisio critica Caricum Borealium,' Hafniae, 56 (1841), 

 which he sent to me a few months before his death, speaks of Greenland spe- 

 cimens of C.pulla as varying greatly in size. His form a. picea — " Spicisfemi- 

 neis rotundatis piceis nitidis, perigyniis magis squarrosis, stigmatibus 2, rarius 

 3," — agrees with C. saxatilis, Linn., from Scotland. I have observed 3 stig- 

 mata in one specimen in the herbarium of my friend Mr. Forster. 



The var. (i.fusca (excluding the synonym of 'Eng. Bot.') I should without 

 hesitation, from the observations which follow it, refer to C Grahami, but that 

 Drejer does not say anything of the perigynium, whether at least it be with 

 or without nerves ; and I cannot easily believe so accurate an observer would 

 have passed over so important a character as a distinctly nerved perigynium 

 had it existed in the Greenland plant. He refers the form /3. both to Iceland 

 and Greenland, and says, " Specimina Groenlandica in universum duplb-triplove 

 majora et robustiora quam Islandica ; cceterum eximie variabilia, ita ut vix cre- 

 deres, ad unam eandemque speciem ea pertinere. Occurrit culmis semi et bipeda- 

 libus ; spicis femineis 1—2-3, approximatis et vald^ remotis, rotundatis, ovatis, 

 acutiusculis, et elongato-cylindricis obtusis; squamis obtusis perigynio hreviori- 



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