2 Mr. J. Miers on the genus Lycium. 



these reasons 1 have been led to search for more certain specific 

 characters in the structure of the flowers, which appear to afford 

 constant features that may be relied upon, and this has induced 

 me to remodel the genus, and revise all the species within my 

 reach. As Lycium has recently been so fully elaborated by M. 

 Dunal, and the numerous species described by him have been 

 accompanied with such copious and minute details, this may ap- 

 pear to be quite unnecessary; but my inquiries have convinced me, 

 that for the purposes of specific distinction, little value is to be 

 placed upon many of these ample definitions, and that it is re- 

 quisite to examine the same materials again with more caution. 

 M. Dunal enumerates only three South American species ; I have 

 here described thirty : during my travels thirty years ago, I met, 

 on the confines of the Andes, with many plants hitherto un- 

 noticed ; and I find in Sir W. Hooker's rich herbarium, other 

 new species, besides several from the northern portion of that 

 hemisphere, as well as many of Asiatic and African origin, which 

 I now propose to describe. 



Of the 70 species I have enumerated (besides those that are 

 dubious), 33 belong to the old, and 37 to the new world. Of 

 these, 3 are found in Europe, 2 in Madeira and Barbary, 3 in 

 Tartary, 6 in Arabia, Persia, Guzzerat and Scinde, and 19 in 

 South Africa; and in the other hemisphere, 1 in the United 

 States, 6 in California and Mexico, 1 in the West Indies, 2 in 

 Peru, 6 in Chile, 3 in Southern Patagonia, 13 in the extensive 

 shingle plains that skirt the eastern flanks of the Cordillera, or 

 that penetrate its gorges, 3 in the vast mud deposit that forms 

 the Pampas, and 2 in tropical Brazil. From this distribution 

 it will be seen, that nearly one-fourth of the known species are 

 found in South Africa, and another fourth on the two sides of 



tellement rapprochees, qu'elles sont difficiles a bien caracteriser, d'autant 

 plus que la plupart cultivees, varient dans la forme et la grandeur de leur 

 feuilles, dans le nombre des divisions du calice et de la corolle, d'ou il est 

 resulte de la confusion dans la synonymie, et beaucoup de doutes pour 

 quelques especes, etablies par des auteurs modernes." Indeed the habit of 

 Lycium is peculiar, where we observe a constant tendency to the abortion 

 of its branchlets, especially when grown in arid and saline places ; we then 

 commonly find in each axil of the stems, a protuberant knotty excrescence, 

 sometimes quite bare, vrhich is, in fact, a leaf-bud or gemma, checked in 

 its earliest development and lignified ; generally, a few elementary leaf- 

 scales succeed in escaping from the gemma, forming a fascicle of starved 

 leaves, and often the node is at the same time expanded into a longer or 

 shorter spine, which again bears several similar suppressed nodes. In the 

 same plant, however, when exposed to circumstances that favour a more 

 rapid growth, we observe the nodes expanded into regular lengthened 

 branches and branchlets, with much larger alternate leaves, in each axil. 

 Hence it is, that the appearance of each species may become, and usually 

 is so varied, that we are liable to constant error in determining its indivi- 

 duality from its habit alone, and the form or size of its leaves or spines. 



