Dr. O^Bryen Bellingham on Irish Entozoa. 259 



"Rectum of cormorant (Phalacroco- 

 rax Car bo). 



Small and large intestine of crested 

 cormorant {Phalacrocorax crista- 

 tus). 



Small intestine of red-breasted mer- 

 ganser {Mergvs Serrator). 



Rectum of red-necked grebe {Podu 

 ceps ruhricoUis) . 



Rectum of goosander {Mergus Mer- 

 ganser), by Dr. Drummond. 



10. Echinorhynchus Hystrix * < 



In the month of March 1839, I met with this species in immense 

 numbers in the small intestine of the golden eye, the majority firmly 

 attached to the mucous membrane ; the longest were about three lines 

 in length, independent of the neck and proboscis ; the greater num- 

 ber however measured little more than a line. All were constricted 

 in one part of the body, and in some the anterior, in others the pos- 

 terior division was the larger ; the posterior portion in the great ma- 

 jority had a beautiful red colour, which faded after lying in water or 

 spirits of wine ; the anterior white, pellucid, and armed over nearly 

 its whole surface, but particularly anteriorly, with very minute re- 

 curved spines : the anterior division of the body has the greater dia- 

 meter when the proboscis and neck are retracted ; when fully pro- 

 truded however, this part is more slender than the posterior. The pro- 

 boscis is short and armed with prominent spines ; in many the neck 

 is hardly visible : the caudal pouch in the male is separated from the 

 body by a narrower portion. 



* In the month of May 1838 I found a considerable number of 

 the Echinorhynchus Hystrix in the large and small intestine of the 

 crested cormorant^ the majority firmly attached to the mucous mem- 

 brane ; the greater number and the largest existed in the rectum and 

 close to its short caeca ; in the small intestine they were fewer in 

 number and less in size. Their colour white ; the longest three lines 

 in length, and a line in diameter at the thickest part of the body ; the 

 males not so large as the females ; the proboscis conical, armed with 

 very numerous recurved spines ; the neck retracted in some ; when 

 fully protruded it is about the length of the head, smaller where it 

 joins the head, and increasing in diameter posteriorly ; it is unarmed. 

 The body is somewhat globular anteriorly, gradually diminishing in 

 diameter as it approaches the posterior extremity ; it is armed, espe- 

 cially anteriorly, with innumerable minute recurved spines : some 

 specimens are armed from one extremity of the body to the other, 

 others are unarmed near the posterior extremity : the body of the 

 female is rounded posteriorly, and a very small yellowish spot is 

 visible at its extremity. 



Two vessels or canals are seen through the parietes of the neck 

 running into the body, where they are lost. This species has been 

 very accurately described by my friend Dr. Drummond in the * Ma- 



S2 



