280 Mr. R. Spruce on the Musci and Hepaticse of Teesdale. 



Leaves secund, far rounder in outline and attached to the stem 

 by a narrower base than those of /. hidentata (which are nearly 

 horizontal in insertion and direction), gradually increasing in size 

 from the base to the summit of the stem, the terminal ones (on 

 the larger stems) three times the size of the lowest ; all emargi- 

 nute or (more rarely) tridentate, with obtuse, acute or apiculate 

 segments ; the low er with a lunulate sinus and entire margins ; 

 the upper subacutely and often irregularly emarginate, angular 

 or toothed at the margins. The areolation a little wider than in 

 J. hidentata. The colour varies from yellowish green to deep 

 ohve, but is never whitish, as we most frequently see it in J. hi- 

 dentata. The leaves of the branches and innovations are narrower, 

 more deeply and acutely cloven than the rest ; and on the pro- 

 cumbent stems they are seldom secund, but merely incurved or 

 even horizontally patent. 



Stipules minute, seldom broader than the stem, exceedingly 

 polymorphous, yet usually lanceolato-subulate, with one or more 

 lateral teeth,, sometimes quite entire, more rarely bifid or laciniate, 

 often subfalcate but never twisted.. Occasionally they appear to 

 be quite rudimentary, and are not seldom altogether wanting, 

 especially in the lower half of the stem. In nearly all these par- 

 ticulars they offer a perfect contrast to the unusually large and 

 ovato-acuminate stipules of J. scutata. 



Inflorescence dioicous. The male plants grow in separate tufts; 

 the stems are antheriferous in their upper half, and the perigonial 

 leaves are acutely divided at the summit into three incurved un- 

 equal teeth, the lowest tooth being the smallest; each leaf encloses 

 1 — 4 anther&, most frequently the latter number. But in /. hi- 

 dentata the perigonial leaves are recurved in their upper half, and 

 have an involute lobe at the base which contains the anthers. I 

 have not seen perigonia of J. scutata, nor were they known to 

 Hooker. 



Female flower terminal, destitute of any proper perichsetium. 

 The calyces which contain only pistilla are pyriform* (as repre- 

 sented in ' Brit. Jung.^ Suppl. t. 3), but when fully grown and 

 fruit-bearing nearly cylindrical, depressed at the summit and ter- 

 minating in a narrow tubular ciliated mouth, which is from one- 

 fifth to one-sixth the length of the calyx : after the emission of 



* An extensive examination of barren calyces will bring to light a groat 

 variety of forms, but this I attribute to the imperfect state of development 

 they often exhibit; I have even seen them wide-mouthed and almost eam- 

 panulate, when they plainly betray their origin to be derived from the union 

 ©f leaves in all respects similar to those of the stem, for the hi- or tridentate 

 apices of the latter are distinctly visible. I have observed similar circum- 

 stances in other JungermannicB, especially /. ventricosa and obtusifolia, and 

 the former of these perhaps owes its rank of a species to its having been first 

 observed with barren calyces only ; at least I search in vain for any perma- 

 nent character to distinguish it from ./. excisa. 



