Miscellaneous. 315 



Al'TENODYTES. 



The Antarctic Expedition having brought home several specimens 

 of this genus, we are now enabled to clear up the doubt which has 

 long existed with regard to the question, whether there be more than 

 one species. The result of a careful comparison is, that there are two 

 species confounded under the appellation of Aptenodytes patachonica. 

 The Patagonian Penguin of Pennant (in the Phil. Trans. Iviii. 91) 

 is I believe the original figure, but on comparing it with those of 

 most modern authors, there can be no doubt that they are distinct. 

 The author who first gave the Latin specific name was Shaw, who 

 described the figure of J. F. Miller (Illustr. Nat. Hist. t. 33.). This 

 figure was copied from the drawings of the Forsters, who accom- 

 panied the great Cook in his second expedition ; and the same figure 

 was also copied by Pennant in his ' Genera,' t. 14, and by J. R. For- 

 ster in the ' Commentationes Gottingenses,' iii. 1. 11. Now Shaw's 

 Aptenodytes patagonica, taken from Forster's drawings, is not the Pa- 

 tagonian Penguin of Pennant in the * Philosophical 'IVansactions,' but 

 a distinct species, which the voyagers term the " Emperor," while 

 that of Pennant is their " King." The differences are — 



" King." 



From the tip of bill to tip of tail, 44 



inches. 

 Tip of bill to gape, 4^ inches. 

 Base of lower mandible dilated. 

 Yellow of the sides of head deep, and 



passing at once into deep orange 



on the chest, gradually becoming 



white on the breast. 



Black under the throat, ending in a 

 blunt point on the chest. 



^^ Emperor." 



From the tip of bill to tip of tail, 50 



inches. 

 Tip of bill to gape, 5 inches. 

 Base of lower mandible not dilated. 

 Yellow of the sides of head passing 



insensibly into white on the sides of 



neck, where it is divided by a pro- 



jectin|*point of the same colour as 



the back. 

 Black under the throat, short, and di- 

 vided in front in the middle by a 



point of the white feathers of the 



chest. 



The "Emperor" is unquestionably the ^j9^e»oc?y/e5 Patachonica oi 

 Shaw in Miller's ' Illustrations,' but not of the same author in the 

 Leverian Museum, where the bird figured under that name is the 

 •* King." It seems desirable therefore, to avoid confusion, both Pen- 

 nant and Shaw having on different occasions given the name of Pa- 

 tagonian Penguin and Aptenodytes Patachonica to each of the two 

 species, to suppress those names altogether, and to call Pennant's 

 species (the " King ") Aptenodytes Pe?inantii, and Forster's (the 

 " Emperor ") Aptenodytes Forsteri. 



As a lengthened account of these birds will be given in the forth- 

 coming work on the Zoological Collections brought home by Capt. 

 Sir James Ross's Antarctic Expedition, it is unnecessary to enter 

 more into detail for the present. George Robert Gray. 



ON THE TRANSMISSION OF HYDATIDS BY CONTAGION. 



The following is an abstract of a very interesting paper by Prof. 

 Klencke of Brunswick, entitled " Researches upon the Transmission 

 of Hydatids by Contagion" (from the Gazette Medicale, Dec. 1843). 



