and Argillaceous Beds, at Ballingdon Hill, 43 



The upper parts of this hill are composed of a stiff clay, 

 interspersed with nodules of chalk, and numerous large boul- 

 ders of granite, gneiss, and of other members of the primary 

 class ; accompanied by pebbles and boulders of the secondary 

 and trap rocks, and many organic remains, those from the 

 lias formation being the most numerous. The beds of clay 

 are horizontally stratified from the chalk on which they repose 

 to the summit of the hill. According to my measurement, 

 the superincumbent clay is 123 ft. in thickness. The colour 

 of this clay, near the surface, is dark brown ; but lower down, 

 it is of a dark blue colour. The latter colour, and the cha- 

 racter, of the organic remains found in it (which may be seen 

 in the accompanying list) would indicate that it is the lias 

 formation which has contributed most to its accumulation. 



Mr. Woodward, in his Outline of the Geology of East Nor- 

 folk, makes the same observation on the Cliffs between Hasbro* 

 [Hapsborough] and Cromer. 



This clay forms the surface of the country, and the upper 

 parts of many of the hills in this neighbourhood, both in this 

 county and in Suffolk adjoining ; and it has been notorious, 

 for many years past, that Ammonites, Gryphites, Belemnites, 

 beautifully preserved, with many other organic fossils of the 

 secondary rocks, have been frequently turned out of the soil 

 by the plough, and in agricultural processes. 



I collected, at intervals, the mineral specimens and the 

 organic fossils which compose the following list, while the 

 works were in progress ; and I have no doubt but the list 

 might have been much longer had more time been devoted 

 to it. 



Mineral Specimens found in the Clay. 



Primary rocks. — Granites* gneiss, chlorite schist, quartz 

 rock. 



Seconday rocks. — Red sandstone, calcareous sandstone. 

 Two other modifications of calcareous sandstone. Silicious 

 sandstone. Mountain limestone. Black marble in a large 

 boulder. Lias, in large boulders. An aetites or eagle stone. 

 Septaria. Green sandstone. Concretions of iron pyrites, with 

 casts of shells. 



Tertiary rocks. — Freshwater limestone, with shells. 



Trap rocks. — Compact felspar, with crystals of horn- 

 blende and felspar (porphyry). Dark-coloured and compact 

 felspar, with crystals of glossy felspar (porphyry). Compact 

 felspar, with quartz and crystals of felspar (porphyry). A variety 

 of the last. Compact felspar, with crystals of green hornblende, 

 and glossy felspar (porphyry). Compact felspar, with crystals 

 of the same decomposing. Red felspar, with crystals of glossy 



