and other large Mammalia, found in Norfolk, 39 



always more. It is said that certain elephants change their 

 grinders eight times. Their tusks are only changed once." 

 (Regne Animal, torn. i. 239.) [Mag. Nat. Hist, vi. 392, 393.] 

 Such being the mode of dentition, it is evident that the grind- 

 ers of the elephant, from the same individual, admit of a great 

 diversity of appearance. In the new grinder, before it is gra- 

 dually brought into action the upper surface of the laminae, 

 presents a succession of rounded ridges ; but at one end of 

 the grinder they are often pointed and tubercular, like the 

 smaller tubercles on the tooth of the mastodon, and a portion 

 of the grinder broken off in this part, might be, and I believe 

 has been, mistaken for a part of a grinder of the latter animal. 

 In a few grinders which I examined, the laminae appeared 

 nearly as broad as those of the Mastodon latidens from 

 Java. 



The Hippopotamus. — The remains of this animal are far 

 more scarce than those of the elephant. I only saw three 

 grinders in the different collections, and a few of the incisive 

 teeth. Mr. S. Woodward of Norwich has in his collection 

 a very large canine tooth or tusk with the same singular un- 

 dulations and markings on the surface as may be seen on the 

 tusk of the recent hippopotamus, of which there is a head in 

 the Norwich Museum. Part of a similar tusk was given to 

 me at Cromer. 



The Rhinoceros. — Of this animal I saw only four molar 

 teeth, three of which were perfect. As the living animals of 

 this genus have a great number of teeth (according to Cuvier 

 twenty-eight), it may be inferred that the rhinoceros, as well 

 as the hippopotamus, was a comparatively rare animal at the 

 epoch when elephants flourished so abundantly in northern 

 latitudes : it is true that the teeth of the rhinoceros, being 

 much smaller than those of the elephant, may be more 

 difficult to find. However this may be, it is probable that, as 

 the hippopotamus and rhinoceros require the vicinity of large 

 rivers for their accommodation, they were never so numerous 

 as the elephants, which enjoy a wider range of country, and 

 are naturally gregarious. 



The Mastodon. — The remains of this animal have not 

 hitherto been discovered in any part of England, except in 

 the county of Norfolk ; and even there, I think their occur- 

 rence at present problematical. 



A fragment of a tooth, said to be of the mastodon, found at 

 Bramerton near Norwich, was shown to me in the museum ; 

 and when I first examined it, I had little doubt that it was 

 correctly named, but after I had seen several grinders of the 

 elephant, in which the parts not brought into action presented 



d 4 



