262 Fresh-vcater Deposit containing Mammalian Remains, 



south side, is, vegetable mould, &c, 3 ft. ; loam and sandy clay, 

 with few plants and chalk pebbles, 10 ft. ; a bed composed of 

 rounded and angular chalk, and iron, flints, quartz, sandstone, 

 indurated claystone, nodules of white chalk and calcareous 

 marl, fine sand and comminuted fragments of shells, exposed 

 about 4 ft. In the middle of the pit is the following section : 

 — burnt brick earth, 2 ft.; loam and sand, 6 ft. ; black iron 

 clay, 1J in. ; coarse sand, 2 in. ; greyish white sand, 6 in. ; 

 gravel bed noticed before. On the north side occur, loam 

 and sand, 18 ft.: ferruginous sand, with angular flints and 

 rounded chalk pebbles, 2 ft., containing numerous individuals 

 of the following Testacea, — LTnio ; Cyrena, Cyclas, Palu- 

 dina, and many of their opercula ; Valvata, Planorbis, Lym- 

 nea, A'ncylus, Heiix, Pupa, Carychium, and Bulimus; frag- 

 ments of bone, vertebra of a fish, and a small tooth : loam 

 and sandy clay, 4 ft. A debris obscures the lower part ; but 

 the workmen informed me that the beds extended 1 5 ft. 

 deeper, below which is the chalk. As the strata have a 

 general inclination of 1 5° to the north, it is probable that the 

 sandy beds on the south side have been subsequently removed. 

 The nodules of chalk in the gravel bed appear to have been 

 fissured in every direction, and again agglutinated by oxide 

 of iron ; so that one mass, when divided, consists of eight or 

 ten separate pieces. The Testacea in the sandy bed on the 

 north side are not the least worn by attrition ; but it is dif- 

 ficult to procure perfect specimens, especially of the LTnio, 

 as they are very much decomposed by the oxide of iron con- 

 tained in the bed. 



In the second pit is the following section : — black mould, 

 1 ft. ; burnt brick earth, 2 ft. ; loam and reddish-coloured 

 sand, with flints, the lower part waved and irregular, 5 ft. ; 

 iron sand, red and yellow, with horizontal patches of white, 

 12 ft.; brown sandy clay, 10ft.; two beds of shells, contain- 

 ing the same as in the first pit, with the addition of a species 

 of A'nodon, 2 ft. ; a layer of lignite, reeds, leaves, &c, blue 

 clay, with mica, 15 ft., the upper part containing ITnio and 

 A'nodon in great numbers, and sometimes very much com- 

 pressed. Below this, the workmen informed me, is a bed of 

 gravel and sand resting upon what they term the * bull's 

 head," or iron flint bed, which reposes immediately upon the 

 chalk. This pit afforded the rich deposit of 



Mammalian Remains, of which the following may be no- 

 ticed : — an almost entire skeleton of the elephant, found 

 9 ft. below the brown sandy clay, and associated with the 

 shelly bed, one of the teeth weighing, when cleaned, 17 lb. 



