Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia. 369 



Shorl 2. From south side of a granite island worn by the sea. 



Co. Conglomerates cemented by quartz, lime, or a mixture of one or 

 both with oxide or carbonate of iron. Masses of most kinds in the pro- 

 vince. 



Co. 1 . Conglomerate passing into jasper porphyry. 



Co. 2. Common conglomerate composed of slaty soil cemented by iron 

 ore, little differing from bog ore, and formed from the vitriol of the slate. 

 This is called common because large masses of it occur in such abundance 

 in slaty districts. Properly speaking, this is not a conglomerate ; but, as 

 most of the others have been formed by the petrifaction of large masses of 

 heterogeneous materials literally rolled together, this could not properly be 

 classed apart from similar rocks because its materials were not brought 

 together in the same way. 



Co. 3. Composed of grains of quartz in concentric layers. 



Basalt. From its glittering fracture, it is probable that it has been formerly 

 in a state of fusion : very rare ; always in rolled pieces of small size. A 

 good stone for touch-stones. 



Po. Porphyries and porphyroids. Scattered all over the province in 

 small fragments. Most plentifully in clayey soils. 



Po. 1. Porphyry containing spherical pebbles. 



Po. 2. Porphyry with basis of siliceous slate. Shubenacadie. 



Transition stones. 



Tr. 1. Ironstone slate near the line of granite. 



Tr. 2. Fragment of a rolled piece of ironstone embedded in granite. 



Tr. 3. Whinstone porphyroid adjoining granite. 



Tr. 4. Fine-grained granite, abounding with mica, embedded in common 

 granite in rounded and angular pieces. 



Tr. 5. Granite stained with oxide of iron, resting on ironstone. 



Limestone 1. Fetid. North end of Great Shubenacadie Lake, in loose 

 pieces ; but there is probably a large mass near, as it is near to gypsum ; 

 but, the soil being deep, the rocks are not visible 



Lime 2. Porous limestone, rolled stone. The nearest mass that I have 

 seen of this species is on the west side of Margaret's Bay, in granite. It 

 appears to be about 100 yards in breadth, and is the only instance that I 

 have met with of a large mass or vein of any other stone in granite. On 

 the eastern shore of the bay, some limestone appears opposite to this, and 

 a few fragments are thrown by the sea on Lawrencetown beach. Lime- 

 stone resembling this may be found beyond Ardoise Hill ; but the fetid lime- 

 stone is most common there. 



Lime 3. A fragment of marble, susceptible of a fine polish. North end 

 of great Shubenacadie Lake. 



Lime 4. Granular limestone, composed of oolite resembling that in 

 ironstone slate. By heating it, the cementing part assumes a different colour, 

 and shows the oval grains. 



Carbonate of iron. Where small brooks run from swamps of peat earth 

 over a soil that contains any vitriol, they usually deposit this substance for 

 a distance of thirty or forty yards below the swamp, and sometimes much 

 farther. Many persons have mistaken it for coal or iron ore. It appears 

 to be a part of the carbonaceous and extractive matter of the peat dissolved 

 in water ; which, uniting with the oxide of iron in the vitriol that it meets 

 with, precipitates with it, and also generally gives a similar coat to the 

 stones it passes. It contains very variable proportions of iron ; for some 

 specimens, when dried, will float, and burn without flame. Others are 

 heavier, and incombustible till red-hot. There are some fertile soils half 

 covered with broken whinstone, which has a worm-eaten appearance. This 

 stone contains limestone gravel diffused through it, which is decomposed 

 where it is exposed to the air. A brook running from a swamp with water 



Vol. IX, — No. 63. ke 



