OF WASHINGTON. 47 
I will now mention the second representative of that order, viz., Phrynus 
Oliv., and will first draw your attention to the much higher development 
of the first pair of legs which demonstrates more evidently the close rela- 
tionship of these organs with the labial palpi of the insects. 
We have seen that in Thelyphonus the first pair of legs is not inserted 
into the prosternum but into the lateral sides of the broad labium ; that 
the femur is altered into an extremely long and thin part; that the patella, 
which in the other limbs is extraordinarily well developed, is here wanting ; 
that the tibia and metatarsus are abnormally long and filiform ; and that 
the tarsus, instead of being 3-jointed as in the other legs, is here composed 
of eight joints and not provided -with the typical tarsal claivs. 
In Phrynus the insertion of the first pair of limbs is the same, although 
the labium as an external organ is in some genera (Damon and Admetus) 
wanting; but the development of these organs has gone still higher. 
While the femur is as in Thelyphonus, only more prominently elongate 
and filiform, the patella is present, but the tibia as such has disappeared 
and is. represented by an extremely long and setaceous part composed of 
numerous (from 25 to 40) joints. The metatarsus and tarsus are also trans- 
formed into a long and thread-like appendage with many (90 to 130) minute 
joints and unarmed with tarsal claws. Thus the first pair of legs has 
ceased to be ambulatory in the order Pcdipalpi, and has become struc- 
turally and functionally true palpal or tastile organs. 
Another point of great interest in Phrynus is the presence of an organ, 
new to the class of Arachnoidea and the true character of which has 
hitherto been overlooked by naturalists the ligula with a pair of para- 
glossae. 
The genera of the family Phrynoida possess a well-developed sternal 
plate, and in the genus Phrynus we find a labium inserted into the ante- 
rior margin of this sternum. This labium bears a long, cylindrical organ 
the ligula into which is inserted a pair of bristle-like appendages the 
paraglossae analogous in structure to homologous parts in insects. This 
ligula, placed between the base of the maxillae and reaching with the tip 
of its appendages into the oral orifice, enables the paraglossae to act as 
organs of taste in the process of mastication. In the genera Damon and 
Admetus, where the labium is absent, the ligula is inserted in the front 
margin of the sternum. 
It is interesting to observe the peculiarity in which the superior state 
of organization manifests itself in the higher orders' of Arachnoidea. We 
do not meet with a gradually uniform and homogeneous advancement of 
all organs, but we notice in one single organ the unambiguous assumption 
of a higher state of development, or the sudden appearance of a new organ, 
the property of a superior class, while the rest of the organization still pre- 
sents relationship with the lower orders. 
Mr. Schwarz offered some remarks on the oviposition of Xyle- 
borus ccelatus and on the galleries of Monarthrum mali^ exhib- 
