74 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
slender, and Perilampus and Eunotus, in which it is broader 
than long. It is composed of eight tergites and six visible urites. 
The first segment is the petiole, in which we find great variation. 
It may be considerably longer than the rest of the abdomen, as in 
Eucharis and Stilbula, or it may be imperceptible without mu- 
tilating the specimen. The relative lengths of the different ter- 
gites, especially of the second and third, are important in some 
subfamilies as generic characters. This is especially true with the 
females. In the singular subfamily Ormyrincz, composed exclu- 
sively of gall-parasites, the dorsum of the abdomen is remarkably 
sculptured in both sexes, whereas ordinarily it is smooth. With 
certain Torymid genera constant differences are seen with the 
hind border of the second tergite. Thus in Holaspis it is incised 
in the middle with the females only, while with Oligosthenus it 
is smooth and straight in both sexes, and with Monodontomerus 
it is somewhat incised in both sexes. It is very common for each 
of the tergites to be fringed along its posterior border with one or 
two rows of fine hair, but often also this appears to be entirely ab- 
sent. The spiracles are visible (sometimes from above) at the 
sides of the seventh tergite. The last ventral segment, forming 
the ventral valves, may be ridged or smooth. The urites are al- 
ways more easily seen with the males than with the females and 
often have a median carina. With the females they are often en- 
tirely closed by the tergites. The ovipositor approaches more 
closely in its structure that of the Braconids than that of the Proc- 
totrupids. The two sheaths are hard and strong, semi-cylindrical, 
and usually covered with short strong bristles. The ovipositor 
proper is straight slightly swollen at tip, pointed, with the dorsal 
edge of the apex more or less serrate. This serration is quite 
marked in the larger gall-parasites, such as Syntomaspis and 
Torymus. The ovipositor may be short and hidden, or it may 
be longer than the whole body, and between these two there is 
great variation. The penis has two rudimentary claspers at base, 
and is, so far as I have been able to ascertain, usually bipartite at 
tip. It is seldom extruded in death. In Eupelmus the cleft is 
rounded and it has rounded sides ; in Aphelinus it is more or less 
pointed and the cleft is sharply triangular ; and in such specimens 
of Pteromalus as I have examined it is subtruncate and the cleft 
is linear. In Thoracantha it is not cleft. 
