Researches in Fossil Zoology. 551 



markable for the small size of their saurians. From these I 

 have already described the fragments of a skull of my Condri- 

 osaurus elevatus, [Museum Senkenberg, I. s. 8, t. i. Jig. 3, 4] 

 of this Saurus minor I have likewise seen the lower jaw-bone. 

 There have also been found in these marls of the muschel- 

 kalk near Guerfurt, and near Esperstat, remains of another 

 Saurus minor, with tolerably strong teeth ; these I shall de- 

 scribe as Charitosaurus Ischidii. From the variegated sand- 

 stone of Souly-les-Bains, I have seen fragments of larger and 

 smaller saurians, which seem to be nearly related to those of 

 the muschelkalk. 



In a short time will appear, by the Count Munster and 

 myself, some sheets entitled " Supplement to the Knowledge 

 of Petrifactions," fifteen plates of which are already engraved. 



This supplement, in which I have only undertaken to de- 

 scribe the vertebrata [Wirbel-thiere] , contains the new spe- 

 cies of fossil animals. I describe the saurians as distinct 

 from those called Plesioraurus Goldfusii, and they are illus- 

 trated from the lithographic slate of Daiting ; in addition are 

 also a large and smaller turtle from the same formations as 

 that of Solenhofen and Kehlheim, the structure of which is 

 very interesting : for instance the vertebral plates [Wirbel- 

 platten] of the turtle minor are small in a very remarkable 

 degree, and differ among themselves, some are even wanting; 

 and it also appears they have a peculiarity in their feet. 

 Since I have been occupied in examining the turtles from 

 the turf moors near Frankfort and Durheim, Mus. Senk. ii. 

 s. 47, and that I have commenced restoring parts of their 

 plastron [Panger-theile], I am able to show very distinctly 

 which situations those isolated bone-plates have occupied, 

 and by this means I have found it possible to bring into 

 order and fix very distinctly the situation of the bone-plates, 

 nay, even to arrange fragments of fossil turtles. Nevertheless 

 it requires great caution in generalizing, as any remarkable 

 deviation which single individuals show ought to be con- 

 sidered very carefully. For example, I find the skeleton of 

 an Emys may often possess in certain parts the type of 

 Testudo, and to such a degree that if these parts only 

 were to be found as fossils, the most learned and skilful 

 osteologist would not be able to tell whether the animals to 

 which they belonged were Emys or Testudo, nay, he might 

 probably decide for the latter, whilst the ground of such 

 decisions would be simply individual variation, and not even 

 a specific character. From this, and other individual ap- 

 pearances in the form and number of the single plates of the 

 shell (mail) of the turtle, which we acknowledge in Natural 



