OF WASHINGTON. 1 1 1 



seems within bounds to estimate the number of volumes at one- 

 half the titles enumerated or 9,000 volumes. This estimate 

 leaves out the anonymous communications, most of which are 

 short, and does not account for a great deal of fugitive writing 

 which escaped Hagen's knowledge. 



There is no easy means of estimating the amount of published 

 matter which has appeared since the time of Hagen's Bibliotheca, 

 except in a little later data which he himself has given. That 

 the annual additions of published matter, however, are enormous 

 is shown by a brief examination of the yearly volumes of the 

 Zoological Record, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Taschenberg's Bib 

 liotheca Zoologica, and other similar works. In the last volume 

 of the Zoological Record, that for 1895, 1,251 titles of publica 

 tions on insects are catalogued, the mere description and indexing 

 of which occupy 387 pages. In the year previous the number of 

 titles was almost as great. A very conservative estimate of the 

 amount of published matter which is thus added yearly to the 

 stock of entomological literature, estimating roughly in 5oo-page 

 volumes, places the number of such volumes at 75. That 2,000 

 volumes have been added to the stock of entomological literature 

 during the 35 years since the publication of Hagen's Bibliotheca 

 is, therefore, a conservative estimate. 



A form of literature which is not, or to a very slight extent, 

 included in the above estimates is the economic phase of the sub 

 ject, which, of late years, has assumed very considerable propor 

 tions. In Henshaw's "Bibliography of the More Important 

 Contributions to American Economic Entomology, " brought 

 down to 1888, are included the names of over 500 writers and 

 5,424 titles. The publications, of this character, for the most 

 part subsequent to 1888, by the State Agricultural Experiment 

 Stations, established under the Hatch Act, were listed up to July, 

 1894, by Mr. Howard in the address referred to at the outset of 

 this paper, and amount to about 300 separate bulletins and reports. 

 Since that date, about 200 additional publications have appeared 

 from this source. This large amount of so-called economic writ 

 ings is much of it repetition and little of it is of such a character 

 as to become a portion of the permanent literature of the science 

 of entomology. The records of such writings in this country are 



