OF WASHINGTON. 105 



Spence (William.) I77S( ?)-i86o. ("An Introduction to Entomology," 

 etc. With Kirby.) 



Treitsckke (Friedrich). 1776-1842. Manager of the Royal Theatre, Vienna. 

 (Continued Ochsenheimer's "Die Schmetterlinge von Europa."} 



Gravenhorst (Johann Ludwig Carl). 1777-1857. Professor of Natural 

 Sciences in University of Breslau. (Parasitic hymenoptera.) 



De Jean (Compte Pierre Francois Marie Auguste). 1780-1845. Lieut.- 

 Gene*ral, etc. (Collector and coleopterist.) 



Spinola 'Marchese Maximiliano) 1780-1875. A Genoese nobleman. 

 (Descr. papers in French and Italian.) 



Dufour (Leon). 1782-1865. French physician. (Anatomical and de 

 scriptive.) 



Bouche (Peter Friedrich). 1784-1856. Head gardener in Berlin. (Chiefly 

 economic.) 



Zetterstedt (Johann Wilhelm). 1785-1874. Professor in Lund. (Gen 

 eral descr. , for the most part Dipt.) 



Germar (Ernst Friedrich). 1786-1853. Professor of mineralogy in Halle. 

 (General ; Germar's Mag.) 



Say (Thomas). 1787-1834. (General descriptive.) 



This list of names scarcely needs further amplification to the 

 members of this Society, even if my time admitted it, to indicate 

 the characteristics or value of the work accomplished. Promi 

 nent in descriptive and systematic writings in general entomology 

 are Herbst, Thunberg, Fabricius, Schrank, Latreille, De Jean, 

 Spinola, and Say. In Lepidoptera, the names of Esper, 

 Hubner, and Treitschke will be remembered ; in Diptera, 

 Meigen, Fallen, Wiedemann, and Zetterstedt ; in Hymenoptera, 

 Lepelletier, Gravenhorst, and Klug ; in illustrations and natural 

 history, many of the above and also Kramer, Hubner, Olivier, 

 Smith and Abbott, Humboldt, and Sturm ; in economics, Peck, 

 Clark, and Bouche ; in anatomy, Dufour and Cuvier ; in gen 

 eral entomology, Kirby and Spence and Panzer ; and as founders 

 of entomological magazines, Illiger and Germar. 



Since I have referred especially to systems of classifications in 

 the foregoing pages, it seems necessary to devote a paragraph to 

 this subject in connection with this period also. The most emi 

 nent names in this regard are Fabricius arid Latreille. The 

 classification of Fabricius as he finally left it, containing 13 

 orders, all of which were newly named, was based solely on the 

 character of the mouth-parts, which resulted in a general disasso- 

 ciation of allied groups. His characterizations of genera and 



