102 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



In all the editions of his work from the ist to the nth, Linne 

 united the Orthoptera with the Coleoptera, but in the i2th edi 

 tion the Orthoptera are placed with the Hemiptera, with which 

 they have much less relationship. His Aptera contains not only 

 the insects now usually so classed, but also certain lice, the fleas, 

 spiders, mites, myriapods, etc. 



The other important systems of classification of this period are 

 those of DeGeer and Geoffrey, both much inferior to that of 

 Linne. The former, DeGeer, first employed the mouth-parts as 

 n means of classification, and separated the Orthoptera definitely 

 under the name of Hemiptera the true bugs being variously 

 divided, but for the most part placed in the order Siphonata. 

 He made in all 14 classes. Geoffroy gives 6 classes or orders 

 and in the classification of the Coleoptera first makes use, as a 

 means of separation, of the number of tarsal joints. 



In the anatomy of insects the work of Pierre Lyonet, an en 

 graver of extraordinary ability and anatomist of the first rank, 

 has not been approached in later years either in accuracy and 

 minuteness of dissection or beauty of illustration, and is still the 

 standard source of information relative to the larvae of Lepi- 

 doptera. 



The very elaborate works illustrating insects and life-histories 

 of the former period were continued in the present by Roesel von 

 Rosenhof, Wilkes, Abbott, Sepp, Schaeffer, DeGeer, Geoffroy, 

 and Bonnet. The latter, who was in a sense a pupil of Reau 

 mur's, is to be remembered for having discovered the continued 

 fertility of plant-lice in the absence of males, through many 

 successive generations. 



Relating more particularly to the insects of America were 

 certain papers by John Bartram, published in the Philadelphia 

 Transactions, and the works of Pehr Kalm, whose travels in 

 North America, published in Stockholm, 1753-1761, contain 

 much interesting information relative to the common insects of 

 this country at that early period, and, most important of all, the 

 illustrations of Lepidoptera of Georgia by Abbott, published in 

 part by Smith in ^97. 



The enthusiasm for the illustration of insects, represented by 

 this period and the last, has never been surpassed in later years, 



