62 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



against a fungus upon orange. To his surprise the scale-insects 

 on the treated trees increased enormously, whereas those upon 

 untreated trees did not increase. He discovered that by his 

 Bordeaux spray he had destroyed a fungus parasite of the scale- 

 insects. Mr. Schwarz referred to the fact that in 1 878-^9 

 Thyridopteryx ephemerceformis was excessively abundant 

 upon shade trees in Washington, but its parasites cleaned it off 

 extensively and it has not been so abundant since. Hyphantria 

 and Orgyia, however, have shorter periods of recovery from 

 these excessive cases of parasitism. 



Dr. Lugger referred further to the occurrence in great num 

 bers, in the windbreaks in Minnesota, of the larvae of certain 

 of the Attacme moths. In a number of cases he had 

 recommended the collecting of the cocoons in the winter time 

 and placing them in boxes or barrels covered with wire gauze, 

 the meshes being sufficiently wide to admit of the escape of para 

 sites. In all cases where this method had been adopted for one 

 year the silk-worms were very scarce for many miles the follow 

 ing season. With the army-worm the past summer in Minne 

 sota the percentage of parasitism had been so great that he had 

 informed farmers that remedial work would be useless, the result 

 realizing his anticipations. Mr. Howard spoke of a similar 

 army-worm case in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1882, and, in fact, 

 stated that this was a common occurrence with army-worm out 

 breaks. Dr. Lugger further stated that the Hessian fly has made 

 its appearance in northern Minnesota the past year or two. Its 

 occurrence is far north of the limit line of winter wheat. Here, 

 however, the percentage of parasitism he had found to be con 

 siderably above 90 per cent. Mr. Alwood stated that in Vir 

 ginia every 5 or 6 years the Hessian fly becomes abundant but 

 that whenever this occurs the parasites also become so abundant 

 as to practically destroy the Cecidomyia. 



Mr. Howard, apropos to Mr. Lugger's last remark, stated 

 that it had always been considered almost an axiom that the 

 Hessian fly, from its method of life, would not prove injurious 

 above the line of growth of winter wheat. He said the facts 

 detailed by Mr. Lugger indicated one of two things, either that 

 in this locality the Hessian fly had radically changed its habit 



