OF WASHINGTON. 351 



Detroit. His early education was gained at a private school in 

 Cambrige, Massachusetts, and for several years under private tutors 

 in Europe. He entered Harvard University in 1869. Here he 

 immediately came under that great group of teachers including 

 Agassiz, Asa Gray, and Shaler, and the tendency of the course 

 of his life towards natural history became fixed. The especial 

 direction which his tastes took towards entomology W 7 as probably 

 determined by the influence of Hagen, who had for a few years 

 been working at Harvard, and of Osten Sacken, who was, in the 

 early seventies, a volunteer assistant at Harvard working over his 

 own and Loew's collections of Diptera and who took an active 

 interest in the establishment of the Museum of Comparative Zo 

 ology. The temporary presence at the Museum at this time of G. 

 R. Crotch and E. A. Schwarz directed Hubbard's attention to 

 wards field work in entomology, which had been much neglected 

 in this country up to that time. Hubbard at once began work 

 in this direction, which showed how much could be done in this 

 way even in the vicinity of Cambridge. Already, at this early 

 date, he began a system of careful and neat mounting and scien 

 tific labelling of specimens which put to blush the carelessness 

 in this regard which prevailed in American collections. He 

 practically invented the present labelling methods, the full value 

 of which was not realized until years afterwards, when geographic 

 distribution began to receive careful attention. 



He graduated with the class of 1873, and his thesis was of a dual 

 nature, comprising the study of the economy of Telea polyp he- 

 mus and of the beetles and parasites living under the bark of the 

 elm. Here he showed the same close powers of observation 

 which characterized his later work. The winter of 18734 was 

 spent as a post-graduate student under Hagen, and, with Schwarz, 

 he made a study of the hibernation of Coleoptera, ascertaining 

 many novel facts and finding in numbers species not previously 

 known to occur there. Thus was introduced a new and scientific 

 mode of collecting. The results of this winter's work is pre 

 served at the M. C. Z. as the u winter collection." 



The death of Agassiz, however, among its other sad results, put 

 an end for a time to entomological activity at the Cambridge 

 Museum, and Hubbard and Schwarz went to Detroit in May, 

 1874, and began the great Hubbard and Schwarz collection re- 



