mth a Notice of Chiasogndthus Gfdntii 325 



specting the hooks of the antennae of the Paussidae) that they 

 are for the purpose of enabling this insect to suspend itself 

 from the twigs of trees when asleep. On examining the jaws 

 of the stag beetle, we externally perceive a tubercle at its base, 

 which, in this new insect, is greatly developed into an ad- 

 ditional pair of lower horns similarly crossing each other, and 

 furnished along their inner edge with short spines. 



" The upper lip, or labrum, is very distinct, being composed 

 of a pocket-shaped leathery plate, with a strong rib down the 

 centre. The terminal portion of the lower jaws, or maxillae, 

 is very long, delicate, and fringed with very slender hairs. 

 The food of the stag beetles consists of the flowing sap of 

 decaying trees, which is lapped up in the typical genera by the 

 terminal plates of these lower jaws, and of the lower lip ; but 

 in this insect a difficulty appears to exist, from the very arched 

 form of the upper jaws ; since it is impossible for it, when 

 standing upon the trunk of a tree, to apply these fine terminal 

 plates to the tree, so as to collect the sap, without opening the 

 jaws very wide. A similar difficulty exists in a mammalious 

 animal, the giraffe ; the singularly awkward position of which, 

 when feeding from the ground, is well known. The case is 

 not, however, exactly parallel, since the situation of the natural 

 food of the giraffe does not require such an extraordinary 

 exertion; whereas, in this insect, there appears no other man- 

 ner of avoiding the difficulty, from the natural situation of its 

 food. 



" The lower lip (labium) and its appendages (instrumenta 

 labial ia mihi), although the least remarkable in appearance, 

 are of equal interest with any other of the organs ; since the 

 investigation of their real structure involves the solution of the 

 analogies of the various parts of the mouth, in the whole of 

 the annulose sub-kingdom so elaborately treated by Savigny,* 

 Hence, in consequence of the true analogies of the various 

 organs not having been, as it appears to me, accurately traced 

 by the learned authors of the Introduction to Entomology, an 

 anomaly has been stated by them to exist in the stag beetles, 

 the internal palpi being regarded by them as belonging to the 

 tongue, and not to the lower lip. On examining the under 

 surface of the base of the head of this new insect, we perceive 

 a large, nearly square, sub-convex plate (jugulum), from the 



* Professor Rennie has attempted to ridicule, but has not disproved, 

 Savigny's views. He will not be able to do the latter, until he can prove 

 that the arm of a man, the fore leg of a quadruped, and the wing of a bird, 

 are not the representatives of the same organ ; often agreeing almost to 

 the number of digiti, but varying in the mode of developement of the 

 joints, so as to adapt them to their intended uses. Savigny's theory is 

 but an application of this principle to groups but little understood. 



Y 3 



