REVISION OF ANACYCLUS 109 



Systematic descriptions 

 Anacyclus L. 



ANACYCLUS L., Gen. PL : 256 (1737); Sp. PI. 2 : 892 (1753); Gen. PL, ed. 5 : 381 (1754). Type species: 



Anacyclus valentinus L. ( = A. x valentinus L.). 

 Cotula Tournf., Inst. Rei Herb. 1 : 495 (1700), non L. Type species: Cotula flore luteo radiato ( = A. 



radiatus Lois.). 

 Santolinoides Vaill., Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Paris : 312 (1719). Type species: 'Santolinoides annua, erecta, 



chamaemeli folio' ( = A. radiatus Loisel.). 

 Cyrtolepis Less, in Linnaea 6 : 166 (1831): Syn. Gen. Comp. : 258 (1832). Type species: Cyrtolepis mon- 



anthos (L.) Less. (Tanacetum monanthos L. = Anacyclus monanthos (L.) Thell.). 

 Hiorthia Neck., Elem. 1 : 97 (1790); Less, Syn. Gen. Comp. : 258 (1832) pro parte quoad Anacyclus 



valentinus L. 



Annuals and herbaceous perennials. Stems erect, creeping or subterranean, leafy above. Leaves 

 alternate, crowded into rosettes to evenly distributed along the stem, glabrous to pubescent, 

 bi- to tripinnatisect, flat to terete with narrow elongate segments. Capitula solitary, heterogamous, 

 radiate, rarely discoid, gynomonoecious or homogamous-discoid, usually solitary at the ends of 

 the peduncle branches or sometimes fused into a syncephalum or a syncephalous inflorescence. 

 Involucre hemispherical or turbinate-hemispherical to cylindrical-campanulate; involucral bracts 

 3-seriate, the inner ones membranous, scarious-lacerate at the apex. Receptacle flat to shortly 

 conical, palaeceous; the scales tough, leathery mucronate, carinate, surrounding the florets near 

 the base, to somewhat scarious, obtuse and flat. Ray florets white, cream or yellow, sometimes 

 with a deep red stripe below, female fertile, anterior-dorsally flattened, the tube persistent on 

 the cypselas at maturity. Disc florets yellow, tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed at the apex, sometimes 

 with 2 lobes longer and more erect than the other 3, articulating regularly with the ovary or 

 broadened at the base and capping the ovary on the anterior side. Cypselas homomorphic, 

 anterior-dorsally compressed, oblanceolate to obovate, laterally surrounded by a narrow to a 

 very broad scarious wing. Pappus a unilateral corona, continuous with the lateral wing, 

 otherwise absent. 



Nomenclatural note : Linnaeus, in his Species Plantarum 2: 892 (1753), describes three species of 

 Anacyclus: A. creticus, A. orientalis and A. valentinus. The first two species now both belong to 

 Anthemis L., leaving the third, Anacyclus valentinus, as the type of the genus. The protologue of A. 

 valentinus reads as follows: 



'ANACYCLUS foliis decompositis linearibus: laciniis divisis teretiusculis acutis, floribus 

 flosculosis. Hort. cliff. 417. Roy. lugdb. 171. Chrysanthemum valentinum. Clus. hist. \.p. 332. 

 Buphthalmo tenuifolio simile. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 125. Habitat ad Reg. Valentini agros & vias. 

 Confer Anthemidem valentinam', 



suggesting that the type can be based on any one of the five elements. Since the description in 

 Hortus Cliffortianus : 417 (1737) is virtually unchanged from that in Species Plantarum: 



'Anacyclus foliis decompositis linearibus, laciniis divisis teretiusculis acutis. Cotula flore 



luteo nudo. Tournef. inst. 495. Boerh. lugdh. I, p. 107. Buphthalmo tenuifolio simile, 



Chrysanthemum valentinum clusii. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 125. Chrysanthemum valentinum. 



Clus. hist. 1. p. 332. Crescit ad margines arvorum & viarum in Regno Valentino', 



the type can be based on a specimen from this herbarium. There are three specimens in the 



Hortus Cliffortianus collection at the British Museum, and all of them are of the same taxon. 



One of them is annotated with the following note: 'Chrysanthemum valentinum clusii Hort. 332. 



Cotula flore luteo nudo' and agrees with both the published phrase names. The specimen is 



considered to be a hybrid (see p. 128) between A. homogamos and A. radiatus on account of its few 



depauperate female ligulate florets in the outer series of the capitulum. Nevertheless, it is a 



species-equivalent in nomenclatural terms and can therefore be recognized as A. x valentinus L., 



eliminating the need for the recognition of A. valentinus (L.) Cass. (based on Anthemis valentina 



L.) as the type for the genus (see p. 88). 



Distribution : see Fig. 1 1 . 



