36 J. H. PRICE, I. TITTLEY & W. D. RICHARDSON 



Crypt. France, ed. 1, ser. 1, 1825-51 ; Desmazieres, PL Crypt. France, ed. II, ser. 1, 1836-51, no. 

 1108; Duby (1830); van Heurck (1908); Hohenacker, Arzn. und Handelspfl., no. 215; and in 

 Herb. Ph. Hepp (BM). 



It is not possible to attach a great deal of importance to records so general that they cannot 

 even be identified at the geographical level of departement; almost always, these records are a 

 distillation from extant data and often gloss over a lack of real information. Citation here is 

 solely to establish that potential sources of important information have not been overlooked. More 

 recent French works with general records yield useful data on reproductive and vegetative 

 phenology (Feldmann, 1937, 1938; Hamel, 1939; Gayral, 1966). For the distribution of the 

 divisions of France, Spain, and Portugal employed, see Fig. 2. 



Nord [French Flanders] 



Dunkerque : 



Lestiboudois (1827), '. . . A Dunkerque, sur les coquillages, etc. . . .' (as Dictyota (Padind) 

 pavonid). 



Secondary records quoting Lestiboudois: 



Moniez (1880); Debray (18836); Debray (1899); Chalon (1905); Cozette (1911). 



Flandres general: 



Lestiboudois (1781) [1799, reported new edition, not seen: may more correctly be listed 

 under Dunkerque], on the sea-coast, attached to stones and shells (as Ulva pavonid). 



Secondary records quoting Lestiboudois: 



Roucel (1803); De Wildeman (1896); Lyle (1923; probably based on Dunkerque records and 



the early general ones). 



General records citing Flanders have been taken to refer equally to both Nord (French 

 Flanders) and Belgium. Lestiboudois (1781, 1827) provides the basis for this assumption; his 

 earlier title '. . . les Provinces septentrionales de la France' was subsequently altered to '. . . nord de 

 la France, et de la Belgique proprement dite'. Essentially the same conditions of physical environ- 

 ment apply as for the Netherlands and Belgium (q.v.). As in those countries, all records for Nord 

 refer back to a single early statement, in this case from Lestiboudois (1781). Similarly, the records 

 localised to Dunkerque depend on the slightly later statement by Lestiboudois (1827). Neither 

 'pierres' nor 'coquillages' are common substrata for Padina, although when set in and covered by 

 firm detritus there seems no good reason why shells should not form a substrate at least as accept- 

 able as 'pilotis' (Kickx & Kickx, 1867; Belgium). 



Pas de Calais 



Wimereux : 



Moniez (1880), thrown up twice near la Rochette. 



Secondary records quoting Moniez : Debray (18836). 



Secondary records quoting data from Giard (see below) and Moniez: Debray (1899); 



Chalon (1905); Cozette (1911). 



Pas de Calais general: 

 Lyle (1923). 



The coast of Artois ( = Pas de Calais) has detritus-covered boulders, either at low water level 

 or in standing pools at various levels, near Cap Gris Nez and locally elsewhere. Nevertheless, 

 Wimereux is the only location recorded; currently, it possesses much solid detritus-covered 

 substrata, formed by a large area of upper shore cultivation pools south of the Wimereux 

 Laboratory. Opening of the latter in 1873 was probably the cause of a spate of records shortly 

 afterwards. Seaward and slightly north of the pools, a large area of shattered concrete boulders, 



