34 J. H. PRICE, I. TITTLEY & W. D. RICHARDSON 



uncovered by the sea, Ostende and Nieuport; Herb. Hort. Belg., Fr. Crepin, received June 1877 

 (K in BM); Westendorp & Waller, Herb. Crypt. Belg., no. 1335 (as Zonaria pavonid), only found 

 as fragments thrown up on the beach at Ostende, young (K in BM; BM). 



Secondary records quoting Kickx & Kickx: De Wildeman (1896); De Wildeman (1898); van 



Heurck (1908). 



Secondary record quoting Kickx & Kickx and Westendorp & Waller: Chalon (1905). 



Niewpoort: 



Kickx & Kickx (1867), as Oostende, above. 



Secondary records quoting Kickx & Kickx are: De Wildeman (1896, 1898); Chalon (1905); 



van Heurck (1908). 



Belgium general: 



Lestiboudois (1781), Flandres (included in 'Provinces septentrionales de la France'); Roucel 

 (1803), Nord de la France (from title), Flandres (from vol. I, Introduction), on the sea-coast 

 attached to stones and shells; De Wildeman (1896), Flandres occidental; Lyle (1923), Flanders 

 (assumed Belgium and France); van Goor (1923), Black Sea to southern England and Belgium. 



The Belgian coast, as indicated earlier, offers hardly even the slightest expectation of en- 

 countering established Padina, and it is no surprise that there are few records. Only two unequivocal, 

 authentic, cases have been traced: those of Kickx & Kickx (1867; the earliest) and of Westendorp 

 & Waller (received in BM June 1877, record undated). The similarity of data between the latter 

 and the Crepin specimen (see above) indicates that the same collection was probably involved. 

 Specimens to support the Kickx & Kickx record may exist in Brussels, but we have not seen them. 

 Kickx & Kickx's use of 'pilotis' [ = piles] presumably relates to vertical supports of groynes, an 

 unusual but possible substrate for Padina if there was fairly consistant detrital cover around the 

 base. The report from stones thrown on the beach is somewhat surprising since that now rarely 

 occurs (see elsewhere); long distance drifting of Padina, even in its very early growth-stages, 

 cannot have been involved. The Westendorp specimens were from a very similar period to the 

 statement in Kickx & Kickx and support its authenticity; available data and appearance of 

 specimens suggest more fully grown material, possibly carried north and east by residual currents 

 along the French coast. All subsequent records, whether general, from Oostende, or from Niew- 

 poort, are secondary. 



Fig. 2 The distribution and limits of coastal divisions along adjacent continental shores. Departements 



in France; provincias in Spain and Portugal. 



France: 1. Nord Spain: 18. Guipuzcoa 



2. Pas de Calais 19. Viscaya 



3. Somme 20. Santander 



4. Seine Maritime 21. Oviedo 



5. Eure 22. Lugo 



6. Calvados 23. La Coruna 



7. Manche 24. Pontevedra 



8. Ille-et-Vilaine 



9. Cotes du Nord Portugal: 25. Minho 



10. Finistere 26. Douro Literal 



11. Morbihan 27. Beira Literal 



12. Loire Atlantique 28. Estremadura 



13. Vendee 29. Baixo Alentejo 



14. Charente Maritime 30. Algarve 



15. Gironde 



16. Landes Spain: 31. Huelva 



17. Basse Pyrenees 32. Cadiz 



This outline map is not orientated precisely north^->south ; it has been taken for convenience from the 

 National Geographic Society's Chamberlin Trimetric Projection. 



