SoO " ' Wilbrand and Ritsen's 



plains of the Andes. The ox tribe abounds in the middle of 

 the temperate zones of both hemispheres, but they are domes- 

 ticated as far north as 60°, and buffaloes are found in the 

 torrid zone. Sheep and goats extend from the snow line to 

 the torrid zone, but extend in the greatest perfection over the 

 colder half of the temperate zone. The horse is common to 

 temperate and warm climates, and is found wild in Arabia and 

 Java. The limit to the spreading of the horse by domestica- 

 tion is 66^ north latitude. 



Carnivorous animals extend over all the zones, but are 

 most numerous and terrific under the scorching sunbeams of 

 the torrid zone. The dog extends from the limit of per- 

 petual snow to the torrid zone in both hemispheres, ter- 

 minating with the jackall and hyaena. The bear belongs to 

 the coldest half of the temperate zone, but some species are 

 found in the Andes. The cat genus is fiercest and most 

 numerous in the hottest countries of the globe ; towards the 

 middle of the temperate zone it diminishes into the wild cat. 

 *' In Kamtchatka, Greenland, Lapland, and Iceland, there 

 are no cats, nor does the lynx in Europe extend farther than 

 Norway." The civets and weasel belong to the torrid and 

 the warmer half of the temperate zone ; sables, martens, er- 

 mines, storks, and the common weasel, spread northwards in 

 great numbers, but as they prefer woody tracts they are sel- 

 dom found beyond 70° north latitude. Moles, shrews, and 

 hedgehogs inhabit both the temperate and torrid zones. The 

 common mole lives throughout Europe, in Barbary, and in 

 Northern Asia. The common hedgehog lives in the warmer 

 parts of Europe ; it is found in Norway, but not in Lapland 

 or Iceland. Opossums inhabit the warm countries of Ame- 

 rica and New Holland. Bats extend over the whole earth. 

 Dormice are most numerous in the torrid, but are also fre- 

 quent in the temperate, zone. The families of mice, squirrels, 

 and hares are found in every part of the habitable globe. 

 Beavers belong to the colder half of the temperate zone, 

 cavies to the warmer parts of the New World, porcupines 

 to the warmest part of the temperate zones of both hemi- 

 spheres. The swine genus is much diffused ; it belongs to the 

 warmer half of the temperate zones, but extends in a wild 

 state beyond 60° north latitude, and domesticated to 63° north 

 latitude. 



Marine birds, of both hemispheres, are most abundant in 

 the polar seas, and among the icy plains on the limits of 

 organic life. The tropical birds (Phaetow) inhabit the regions 

 between the tropics. The albatross (Z)iomedea) inhabits the 

 seas of the frigid and temperate zones of both hemispheres. 



