Transactions of the Lituioan Society. 485 



Ray; they are the Primates, the Ferce^ the Glires, the Ungulata, and the 

 Cete; and may be typically represented by Man, the Lion, the Mouse, 

 the Horse, and the Whale. The evident analogies borne by the Inses^ 

 sores among Birds to the Primates among the Mammalia, by the 

 Raptores to the Ferce, and by the Katatores to the Cetacea, have been 

 repeatedly pointed out, and their accuracy has never been questioned ; 

 but differences of opinion are entertained as to the relations existing 

 between the Glires and the Ungulata on the one hand, and the Rasores 

 and the Grallatores, on the other. Mr. MacLeay considers the Ungulata 

 as analogous to the Grallatores, agreeing in this with Linnaeus, who, 

 however, remarked the relation as regarded the Bruta alone, which form 

 a natural subdivision of the Ungulata. In support of the accuracy of 

 this position, various particulars are enumerated in which many of the 

 Ungulata bear a striking resemblance to certain of the Grallatores; such 

 as the length of legs, the elongation of fades, &c. Four orders in 

 each class being thus disposed of, it follows that the Glires ought to be 

 placed in analogical relation to the Rasores. To shew that this is correct,, 

 m fact as well as in theory, Mr. MacLeay passes in review the grand 

 characteristics of the Rasores, and points out their accordance with those 

 of the Glires in numerous respects, such as their gregarious and frugi- 

 vorous habits, the diminished power of their anterior limbs, and increased 

 strength of the posterior, the burrowing propensities of the one, repre- 

 sented by the scratching of the other, &c. 



Having thus laid down the parallel analogies between the classes, the 

 authour proceeds to explain the affinities connecting together the orders 

 of Mammalia. The Primates are connected with the Glires, by means 

 of Cheiromys, an animal so truely osculant as to have been described by 

 Gmelin as a Sciurus, to have been placed by Illiger next to Galago, to have, 

 been ranged by M. Cuvier with the Rongeurs, and by M. de Blainville 

 with the Primates. From the Glires to the Ungulata a ready passage is 

 obtained through the intervention of Hyrax, a Cavia and consequently a 

 Gks of Pallas and Linnaeus, but united by M. Cuvier with the Rhinoceros 

 to form a small group among the Ungulata. From the latter we proceed 

 through the Pachydermata by the Manati and Dugong to the other 

 Cetacea; which are quitted for the FercE by the extremely natural series 

 formed by Trichechus and Phoca. The affinity of the Fer<B to the Pri- 



