Zoological Society. 57 



of the skin in the adult Pappans is black, whilst the Kassar, in his 

 face and hands, has the dirty colour common to the young of both 

 species. If further evidence was wanted, the skulls will fully prove 

 the distinction of species, for the skulls of two adult animals com- 

 pared will show a difference in size alone which must preclude all 

 supposition of their being one species. Mr. Owen's remarks are, 

 however, so conclusive, that I need not dwell on this point ; and with 

 a suite of skulls, male and female, from the adult to the infant, of 

 the Mias Kassar, which I shall have the pleasure to forward, there 

 can remain, I should think, little further room for discussion. I may 

 mention, however, that two young animals I had in my possession 

 alive, one a Kassar, the other a Pappan, fully bore out these remarks 

 by their proportionate size. The Pappan, with two molars, showed 

 the callosities distinctly, and was as tall and far stouter than the 

 Kassar with three molars, whilst the Kassar had no vestige of the 

 callosities. Their mode of progression likewise was different, as the 

 Kassar doubled his fists and dragged his hind quarters after him, 

 whilst the Pappan supported himself on the open hands sideways 

 placed on the ground, and moved one leg before the other in the 

 erect sitting attitude ; but this was only observed in the two young 

 ones, and cannot be considered as certainly applicable to all. 



" On the habits of the Orangs, as far as I have been able to observe 

 them, I may remark, that they are as dull and as slothful as can well 

 be conceived, and on no occasion when pursuing them did they move 

 so fast as to preclude my keeping pace with them easily through a 

 moderately clear forest ; and even when obstructions below (such as 

 wading up to the neck) allowed them to get away some distance, 

 they were sure to stop and allow us to come up. I never observed 

 the slightest attempt at defence, and the wood, which sometimes 

 rattled about our ears, was broken by their weight, and not thrown, 

 as some persons represent. If pushed to extremity, however, the 

 Pappan could not be otherwise than formidable ; and one unfortunate 

 man, who with a party was trying to catch a large one alive, lost 

 two of his fingers, besides being severely bitten on the face, whilst 

 the animal finally beat off his pursuers and escaped. When they 

 wish to catch an adult they cut down a circle of trees round the one 

 on which he is seated, and then fell that also, and close before he 

 can recover himself, and endeavour to bind him. 



" In a small work entitled ' The Menageries,' published in 1838, 

 there is a good account of the Bornean Orang, with a brief extract 

 from Mr. Owen's valuable paper on the Simia Morio ; but, after 

 dwelling on the lazy and apathetic disposition of the animal, it 

 states in the same page that they can make their way amid the 

 branches of the trees with surprising agility, whereas they are 

 the slowest and least active of all the monkey tribe, and their mo- 

 tions are surprisingly awkward and uncouth. The natives on the 

 north-west coast entertain no dread, and always represent the 

 Orangs as harmless and inoffensive animals ; and from what I saw, 

 they would never attack a man unless brought to the ground. The 

 rude hut which they are stated to build in the trees would be more 



