Zoological Society. 65 



either on the male or female, and they always insisted that it was 

 not the female of the Pappan. 



" The Mias Kassar or Simia Morio is the same colour as the Mias 

 Pappan, but altogether smaller, and devoid of callosities either on the 

 male or female adults. 



" By the native statements, therefore, we find three distinct spe- 

 cies, viz. the Mias Pappan or Simla Wurmbii, the Mias Kassar or 

 Simia Morio, and the Mias Rambi, which is either the Simia Abelii 

 or a fourth species. The existence of the Sumatran Orang in Borneo 

 is by no means impossible, and I have already compared so many of 

 the native statements that I place more confidence in them than I 

 did formerly, more especially as their account is in a great measure 

 borne out by the skulls in my possession. I had an opportunity 

 of seeing the Mias Pappan and the Mias Kassar in their native 

 w^oods, and killing one of the former and several of the latter species. 

 The distribution of tliese animals is worthy of notice, as they are 

 found both at Pontiana and Sambas in considerable numbers, and at 

 Sadung on the north-west coast, but are unknown in the interme- 

 diate country which includes the rivers of Sarawak and Samarahan. 

 1 confess myself at a loss to account for their absence on the Sara- 

 wak and Samarahan rivers, which abound with fruit, and have forests 

 similar and contiguous to the Sadung Linga and other rivers. The. 

 distance from Samarahan to Sadung does not exceed twenty-five 

 miles, and though pretty abundant on the latter, they are unknown 

 on the former river. From Sadung, proceeding to the northward and 

 eastward, they are found for about 100 miles, but beyond that distance 

 do not inhabit the forests. The Mias Pappan and Mias Kassar in- 

 habit the same woods, but I never met them on the same day ; both 

 species, according to the natives, are equally common, but from my 

 own experience the Mias Kassar is the most plentiful. The Mias 

 Rambi is represented as unfrequent and rarely to be met with. The 

 Pappan is justly named Satyrus from the ugly face and disgusting 

 callosities. The adult male I killed was seated lazily on a tree, and 

 when approached only took the trouble to interpose the trunk be- 

 tween us, peeping at me and dodging as I dodged. I hit him on 

 the wrist and he was afterwards despatched. I send you his pro- 

 portions, enormous relative to his height, and until I came to actual 

 measurement my impression was that he was nearly six feet in sta- 

 ture. The following is an extract from my journal relating to him, 

 noted down directly after he was killed- 



** * Great was our triumph as we gazed on the huge animal dead at 

 our feet, and proud were we of having shot the first Orang we had 

 seen, and shot him in his native woods, in a Borneo forest, hitherto 

 untrodden by European feet. The animal was adult, having four 

 incisors, two canines and ten molars in each jaw, but by his general 

 appearance he was not old. We were struck by the length of his 

 arms, the enormous neck, and the expanse of face, which altogether 

 gave the impression of great height, whereas it was only great power. 

 The hair was long, reddish and thin ; the face remarkably broad and 

 fleshy, and on each side, in the place of a man's whiskers, were the 



