230 Mr. H. J. Carter on the Organizatmi of Infusoria. 



whirling motion, as if the bond of union were a mucous thread, 

 which could be only tvvivsted off in this manner. Two Euglence 

 virides may also sometimes be seen united by the intertwisting 

 of their filaments only, just like the congress of two snails. 



All these unions appear very much like so many acts of con- 

 jugation ; but when we find Euglypha as well as Arcella united, 

 not only in pairs, but triply and quadruply, in this way, and the 

 same with Euglena viridis, the connexion of these phsenomena 

 with reproduction, as Claparede has stated *, becomes " exceed- 

 ingly doubtful '" particularly as we have seen the spermatozoid 

 granules developed from the nucleus and among the ovules ; and 

 this granular spermatozoid development^ if it be one, does not 

 take place until after conjugation. At the same time, in one 

 group of Euglyphce, nothing but spermatozoids were developed, 

 while in another hardly anything but ovules appeared ; and it 

 was only here and there that both were found together ; again, 

 in the larger variety o{ Euglypha, the granules were developed in 

 a distinct apparatus, and the ovules in the same manner as in 

 E. alveolata, viz. in the posterior part of the body, outside the 

 capsule of the nucleus. 



Lastly, we come to the question whether or not these granules 

 ai*e spermatozoids ? That the ovules in Spongilla pass into poly- 

 morphic cells, I proved by experiment some years since f; and 

 lately, I have repeated similar experiments, with the same results. 

 Moreover, I have seen the ovule of Euglypha in every stage, from 

 its first appearance in the test to the time when it has acquired 

 the power of putting forth rhizopodous prolongations {fig. 31), 

 after which the tests of very small Euglyphce presented them- 

 selves in the same basin, which did not appear before the parents 

 had died ofi" and left their ovules to shift for themselves. Hence 

 this is one mode of propagation among the Ehizopoda, whatever 

 the granules v/hich we have provisionally called spermatozoids 

 may be. Then, also, it has often occurred to me to see circular 

 groups of spermatozoids undergoing disintegration or dehiscence 

 in the test of Euglypha, while ovules were present, and granules 

 like the former swarming round the latter at the same time ; as 

 well as granules of the same kind in Amoeba Gleichenii, where 

 the ovules have been far advanced in development. In Spon- 

 gilla also similar granules abound in the transparent globular 

 sacs of the capsules which contain the ovules (figs. 37, 38) ; and 

 when the latter are set free by forcibly bursting the former, 

 these little granules crowd round the large ovules so markedly 

 \^^\^}^^^e^J^i^^(J^^^x^^^X^^^ when I little 



f.ii<(>iAnn.' & Mag. Nat.'Hf«t:^'v(rfLl«V;>p.'fi8€i,'>"1866.'^ 

 '»:^''Idem, he. cif. -i-q '^rit to '.)x:;i -lil 'hr/<r n- 



