168 ^\^i!i\viiKxWi ^^"^ ^Zoological Society : — v« mv noe:i?boH "fM 



represented only* by the anomalous Stilt-horns (Siylocerns). In 

 the lower region, the Ox family is represented by Bibos and Bu- 

 balus (splendid wild ty{>es) ; the Deer family, here abundant, by 

 llusas. Stags, Axises, and Stilt-horns to boot ; the Antelopes by 

 Tetracerus, or the four-horned kind ; the Rodents, by the Bambii 

 Rats {Rhizomys) and Spiny Hares {Caprolagus) ; and the Bear 

 family by the Honey Bears {Melvrsns) ; add to all which, that to 

 this region are exclusively confined all the large Pachyderms, such 

 as the Elephant and Rhinoceros ; and the Monkeys also {Semno- 

 pithecus et Macacvs)y though not so exclusively in their case. The 

 Carnivora, again, are represented in the upper region by Ounces, by 

 Foxes of a large sort {V. montanus)^ by the Weasels proper, and by 

 the Ailuri or Cat Lories ; in the middle region, by the Wild Dogs 

 (Cuon), the Marten Weasels, Leopards, Thick-tailed Leopards 

 {F. Macrosceloides, Hodgs.), Wild Cats (F. Murmensis, Pardo- 

 chrous Oyilbii), Libyan Lynxes (Libycus), Zibets, Screw-tails 

 {Faradoxurus), and Prionodons ; and in the lower region by Tigers, 

 Leopards, Hysenas, Wolves, Jackals f, insectivorous Foxes (Kokri), 

 Bear-badgers {Ursitaxus)^ Urvas, Mangooses, Helictes or Oriental 

 Gluttons, small Civets (Fiverrida), hirsute Screw -tails, and sharp- 

 faced Cats (Celidoy aster). Zibets recur in this region but rarely, 

 and one small species of Mangoose is found in special spots of the 

 central region. The Otters in the upper region are represented by 

 the small golden and brown species (L. aurobrunnea) ; in the central, 

 by L. monticola and indigitata ; in the lower, by the large Chinese 

 species X. Sinensis. Among the Squirrels, the great thick-tailed 

 and purple species {S. macruro'ides et purpureus) belong solely to 

 the lower region ; the small Lokries (S. Lokria et Lokro'ides) to the 

 central, and the Siberian to the upper ; whilst Flying Squirrels, a 

 numerous group, are confined to the central region, so far as appears. 

 In the Bat group, the Frugivorous species, or Pteropines, all are 

 limited to the lower region, whilst the Horse-shoes {llhinolophince) 

 specially affect the central region. 



*' From the class of Birds we may select as characteristic of the 

 three regions the following : — 



"The True Pheasants (Phasianus), the Tetraogalli, the Sanguine 

 Pheasants (It/iaginis)^ the Horned and the Crested Pheasants (Ceri- 

 ornis, Lophophorus) of the upper region, are replaced by Fowl Phea- 

 sants (6ra//opAasz«);I; in the mid-region, and by Fowls proper {Gallus) 



* I am fully aware that Rusas (Samber) are found in the western hills, but a 

 careful consideration of the facts in that part of the Himalaya, with due advert- 

 ence to the known habits of the group, satisfies me that these Deer have been 

 driven into the western hills by the clearance of the Tarai and Bhaver. 



t Jackals have made their way (like crows) to the most populous spots of the 

 central region, but they are not proper to the region, nor Indian Foxes, though 

 some of the latter turned out by me in 1827 in the great valley of Nepal, have 

 multiplied and settled their race there. Ex his disce alia. 



X The iunuence of longitude on geographic distribution might be singularly 

 illustrated, did space permit, from numerous Himalayan groups, GalHne and 

 others: thus, for example, a black-breasted Ceriornis is never seen east of the 

 Kati, nor a re<Ubreasted one west of it. So of the black and white crested Gal- 

 lophases; whilst a black-backed one is never seen west of the Arun, nor a white 

 "back east oi'ii. 



