Mr. Hodgson on the Mammalia and Birds of the Himalaya. 169 



in the lower. In like manner, among the Partridges (Perdicinai), 

 the Grouse Partridges {Tetraopcrdix) belong exclusively to the upper 

 region ; the Chukors {Caccahis) and the Tree Partridges (Arboricola) 

 to the central ; and the Francolines (Francolinus) to the lower, 

 though the black species of this last form are also found in the mid- 

 region. In the Pigeon group, the Blanched Pigeons (C leuconota) 

 belong solely to the upper region ; the Vinous Pigeons ((7. Tlodfjsoni) 

 to the central, and the Green, the Golden, and the Banded {Trerony 

 Chalcophaps, Macropyyia), as entirely to the lower ; the Trerons 

 alone partially entering the central tract from the lower. 



*' The splendid Edolian Shrikes ( Chibia, Chaptia, Edolius) belong 

 exclusively to the lower region. They are replaced in the central 

 tract by plain Dicrurines, and in the upper by plainer Lanians. The 

 Cotton IJirds {Campephaga) of the south are replaced by gaudy 

 Ampelines {Cochoa) and Leiothricinians (Leiothrix, Pteruthius, 

 Cutia) in the middle region : but both groups seem excluded from 

 the north. Among the Fly-catchers the gaudy or remarkable 

 species and forms belong wholly or chiefly to the lower region, as 

 Tchitrea, Rhipidura, Cryptolopha, Myiagra, Hemichelidon, Chelid- 

 orynx ; whilst those which approach the Warblers {Niltavay Siphia^ 

 Digenea) belong to the mid- region ; and the plainer and more Euro- 

 pean types are alone found in the northern. 



** Among the Fissirostres^ Goat-suckers and Swallows are pretty 

 generally distributed ; but Hollers, Bee-eaters, Eurylaimi, Trogons, 

 and all such gaudy types, belong to the south, with only occasional 

 alpine representatives, as Bucia is of Merops. The Tenuirostral 

 birds belong distinctively to the lower region. Yet they have repre- 

 sentatives or summer visitants in all three, even among the Sun- 

 birds. Upon the whole, however, it may be safely said that the 

 Sun-birds (Nectarinia) belong to the south ; the Honey-suckers 

 {Meliphagidce) to the centre and south ; and the Creepers, Nut- 

 hatches and Wrens*, to the north and centre. The Sylvians or 

 Warblers are too ubiquitarian, or too migratory for our present pur- 

 pose, even Boreal types being common in the lower in the cold 

 weather. Horn-bills, Barbets, Parroquets (Palceornis, Psittaculd) 

 belong to the lower region, though they have a few representatives 

 in the central ; none in the upper. Woodpeckers abound in the 

 lower and central regions, but are rare in the upper. True Cuckoos 

 ( Cuculus) are as common and numerous in the central region as Walk- 

 ing Cuckoos (^Phcenicophaus, Centrojms), &c. are in the southern, 

 where also the Golden {Chrysococcyx) and Dicrurine Cuckoos {Pseud- 

 ornis) have their sole abode, whilst what few of the group belong to the 

 upper region, are all allied to the European type. The Ravens, Pies, 

 Choughs, Nut-crackers and Conostomes of the upper region are re- 

 placed in the central region by Tree Pies {Cissa, Bendrocitta), Jays, 

 Rocket-birds {Psilorhinus)y Pie Thrushes {Garrulax), Timalias, and 



* 1 have in this paper followed, without entirely approving, Mr. G. R. Gray's 

 classification of my collections in the printed Catalogue of the British Museum. 

 The geographic distribution is now attempted for UM34rfit>ti4Qi^,,6uV<ItWiUir^«Mci>t 



to the subject in a separate paper devoted to it. ji'^iiii.i^jskl » UUiUj ,*=^,iw\t\c>\ 



