%\s\ from the Kingdom of Nepal. 455 



tandrous, agreeing with R. Javana (R. cordifolia, Blume), which 

 he considers a medial form. Wight and Arnott (Prod. 442), 

 Wight (Icones, i. 1. 187; Illustr. ii. t. 128 bis), and Don (Prod. 

 133) all identity them. R. Manjistha is very abundant in the 

 Himalaya, from 4000 to 9500 feet, with black fruit, and deep 

 red flowers, not yellow, as represented in Archer's Popular Eco- 

 nomic Botany, P. xv. f. 78. 



The second species, which Dr. Hamilton considers new, is by 

 Dr. Wallich (No. 6069) identified with R. cordifolia, L. Our 

 Edinburgh specimen, however, though imperfect, seems to be 

 an undescribed species, which I found in the glen of the Sarju 

 River in Eastern Kumaon, in two localities, Ramesar and Gan- 

 goli, at 3000 to 4000 feet elevation above the sea. Mr. Edge- 

 worth proposes to name it R. nervosa. Griffith (Itinerary Notes) 

 probably found it in Bhotan ; his No. 1 1 is Rubia Manjistha, 

 Dewangiri, in woods. No. 116. Rubia cordifolia; alt. 2800 

 ped. in sylvis. No. 367. Rubia cordifolia. Khegumpa. Yields 

 Manjistha (Madder), l^o. 1021. Rubiae sp. Scandens, hirsuta, 

 certe distincta a R. cordifolia; towards Panga, in woods, 6500 

 to 7500 feet. In the Journals of Travels, p. 203, he writes at 

 Dewangiri, elevated 2000 feet : " I find that large quantities of 

 Manjistha or Madder are sent to the plains from this, where 

 the plant is very common." At p. 292 we have Rubia hispida, 

 at 8700 feet; and at p. 296, Rubia hirsuta, at 5500 feet. At 

 p. 209 he says, " Madder is furnished by both Rubia Manjistha 

 and R. cordifolia; these species are quite distinct, the latter 

 affecting greater elevations than the former, scarcely descending 

 below 4000 feet." The plant becomes shorter and stouter at 

 high elevations; and in a matured Report, published in the 

 Journ. As. Soc. Bengal for April 1839, p. 281, he modifies this 

 view, and identifies these two supposed species, adding that 

 '' Bhotan has two species. The two species used in Bhotan are 

 very distinct, and very general constituents of other mountainous 

 floras ; one of them has leaves without stalks." This is perhaps 

 Dr. Hamilton's plant from Bhotan. His specific name Chaya 

 appears to vindicate a practice condemned by Mr. Archer (/. c, 

 212) : "Munjeet is often called Chay-root; but this is a mis- 

 take, the latter being the produce of a totally different plant," 

 Hedyotis umbellata, in Tamul Saya. In Bengal, Chaya is Mrua 

 lanata. Wallich (Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 384) has Rubia alata, from 

 Nepal, which Don reduces to R. cordifolia ; and Major Strachey 

 has a Rubia from Niti in Garhwal, with greenish flowers, which 

 he considers to be R, Manjistha of Roxburgh. Rubia purpurea , 

 figured and described by Decaisne in Jacquemont's ^Voyage 

 aux Indes,' is merely R. cordifolia, one of the many instances in 



