14 List of the Birds observed to winter in Macedonia. 



Perdix saxatilis. Very common, but found only on the mountains. 



P. cinerea. Very common in the plains, but were never observed 

 on the mountains. 



P. coturnix. Common. 



Otis tarda. Very common, generally frequenting the marshy 

 plains ; they were also observed feeding in immense flocks in the 

 plains of Meteora in Thessaly : the call of the male bird is of the most 

 extraordinary kind ; it is very loud, and resembled something between 

 the cackling of geese, the croaking of frogs, and the harsh grating 

 of a rusty hinge. May not the pouch with which the male bird is 

 furnished have something to do with this extraordinary cry, as I be- 

 lieve it is not ascertained to what purpose it is applied ? 



Charadrius hiaticula. A few seen. 



Vanellus cristatas. Common. 



Grus teucogeranos . A large flock of these very rare birds were 

 seen on the 9th of January ; when on the wing they made a hissing 

 noise ; I unfortunately was unable to obtain a specimen. 



G. cinerea. Very common, and were generally seen in parties of 

 three to five. 



Ciconia alba. Very common at this season of the year j they were 

 chiefly found in the open country, not frequenting the towns or vil- 

 lages, but from the quantities of their nests on the house-tops, they 

 must be very abundant in the breeding season. 



Ardea cinerea. "] 



A. egret ta. >Very common. 



A. egretto'ides. J 



Avocetta recu)*virostra. One seen on the 1st of January. 



Numenius arquatus. Common. 



Tringa variabilis. A few seen. 



Totanus calidris. Common. 



T. hypoleucos. A few seen. 



Limosa melanura. Very common. 



Scolopax rusticola. Most abundant. 



S. qallinaqo. \ XT , 



cr 77- 7 t Not very numerous. 



S. gallinula. J * 



Rallus aquaticus. Common. 



Fulica atra. Very numerous. 



Podiceps cristatus. "1 



P. auritus. > Common. 



P. minor. J 



Larus argentatns. "1 



L. canus. > Common. 



L. melanocephalus. J 



Pvffinus cinereus. A few seen in the bay of Salonica. 



Anser hyperboreus. A large flock of these very rare birds were 



seen on the 20th of January ; when on the wing they were perfectly 



silent. 



a fcrus I 



V / > Very numerous. 

 A . segetum. J ' 



A* albifrons. A few seen. 



