Nomenclature of the Foraminifera. 469 



The name V. triangularis is well adapted as a specific appella- 

 tion, including all the many varieties here indicated, because a 

 tendency to triangularity is continually showing itself in some 

 degree or other in most of the forms, however aberrant. 



There are many other Clavuline forms of Foraminifera 

 besides those belonging to Valvulina. For instance, some arise 

 out of Textularia, others out of the Verneuiline subspecies, and 

 others from Uvigerina. The claviform varieties of Textularia 

 (biserial in their commencement) have been classed by D'Or- 

 bigny as Bigenerina, including Gemmulina. Those related to 

 Verneuilina, which have a triserial arrangement at first (whether 

 inflated or angular), have been classed by D'Orbigny under his 

 genus Clavulina ; and of these C. communis } D'Orb., is a good 

 example. The Uvigerine Clavulina are exemplified by Uvigerina 

 nodosa, var./3, D'Orb., Ann. Sc. Nat. vii. p. 269; Sold. Test. ii. 

 pi. 4. fig.^r. 



22. Miliola*. Ann. Mus. v. p. 349. Lamarck possessed many 

 specimens of Miliola from the Mediterranean and from the 

 Calcaire grossier of Paris. The fossil forms he termed Milio- 

 lites-f (op. cit. p. 351). As there is no generic distinction be- 

 tween the recent and fossil forms, the name Miliola J is sufficient. 



In a paper in the ' Microscopical Transactions ' (Quart. Journ. 

 Microsc. Sc. No. 23) the Miliola are shown to comprise a vast 

 number of forms not susceptible of specific limitations among 

 themselves; although, for the sake of convenience, the names 

 Uniloculina, Biloculina, Triloculina, Quinqueloculina, Spirolocu- 

 lina y Cruciloculinay Hauerina f Allomorphina, Adelosina, and others 

 are more or less serviceable as subsidiary terms for the different 

 subspecific groups. We have already noticed that Miliola 

 (Quinqueloculina) Seminulum, Linn., is the type-species (Ann. 

 Nat. Hist. 3 ser. iii. p. 480). 



The Miliola belong to the t ' Agathistegues " of D'Orbigny, 

 and the Plicatilia of Ehrenberg. They form an important group 

 among the " opake-shelled " Foraminifera. 



Miliolites ringens. Ann. Mus. v. p. 351, No. 1 ; ix. pi. 17. f. 1; 

 Hist. An. s. Vert. vii. p. 612, No. 1. " Fossil; Grignon/' 



This is a Biloculina, abundant both in the Tertiary and the 

 present seas. Its best development is on sandy and clayish 

 bottoms, at from 30 to 100 fathoms. D'Orbigny figures very 

 fine specimens in the f For. Foss. Vien/ and in other Monographs, 



* Thus called by Lamarck from the resemblance to a millet-seed (Pani- 

 cum miliaceum], loc. cit. p. 850. 



f Denys de Montfort subsequently applied this term to an Alveolina 

 (Conch. Syst. i. p. 174). 



J Some authors have modified this term, making it " Miliolina," to be 

 in harmony with the majority of D'Orbigny's generic appellations. 



