220 Zoological Society, 



a series of long, narrow, flat tendons, coming off from the spines of 

 all the dorsal vertebrae, and slightly expanding as they proceed for- 

 wards and obliquely downwards and outwards ; they become fleshy 

 half-way from their origin, and are inserted into the posterior 

 oblique and transverse processes of the six anterior dorsal vertebra, 

 and into the posterior oblique processes of the three last cervical 

 vertebrae. 



Interspinales. — The interspinales muscles do not exist in the 

 region of the back, unless we regard the preceding oblique fibres as 

 a modified representation of them. The most posterior fasciculus 

 of muscular fibres, which is directly extended between the spinous 

 processes, commences at the interspace of the spines of the two last 

 cervical vertebrae, and the series is continued as far as the vertebra 

 dentata. 



Interarticulares . — The muscles which form the more direct con- 

 tinuation of the obliquo-spinales are continued from the posterior 

 oblique or articular processes of one vertebra to the posterior arti- 

 cular process of the next in front. 



Obliquo-transver sales. — A third series of deep-seated intervertebral 

 muscles is situated external to the preceding, and passes obliquely 

 between the upper transverse process and the posterior articular 

 process of the vertebra in front. These fasciculi appear to be a 

 continuation of the multifidus spince in the neck. 



Intertransversales. — There are also two series of short carneous 

 fasciculi passing the one between the upper, and the other between 

 the lower transverse processes. 



Levator es costarum. — The first or most anterior of this series of 

 muscles seems to represent the scalenus medius ; it arises from both 

 the upper and lower transverse processes of the last cervical verte- 

 bra, and expands to be inserted into the first rib, and into the upper 

 and outer part of the second rib. The remaining levator es success- 

 ively diminish in size as they are placed backwards ; they come off 

 from the transverse processes of the six first dorsal vertebrae ; those 

 from the first and second expand to be inserted into the rib attached 

 to the same transverse process and to the one next behind ; the rest 

 have a single insertion: the angle and the part of the rib imme- 

 diately beneath are the situations of their attachments. 



B. In Front of the Neck. 



Longus colli. — This muscle is represented by a series of closely 

 succeeding long, narrow fasciculi, arising from the haemapophyses of 

 the sixth to the first dorsal and from the ten posterior cervical ver- 

 tebrae ; and sending narrow tendons, which increase in length as they 

 are given off more anteriorly, obliquely forwards and outwards, to be 

 inserted into the costal processes of all the cervical vertebrae save the 

 two first : the highest or foremost tendon is attached to the tubercle 

 at the under part of the ring of the atlas ; but this tendon is also 

 the medium of insertion of a fasciculus of muscular fibres arising 

 from the upper transverse processes of the sixth, fifth, fourth, third 

 and second cervical vertebrae. 



The Rectus capitis anticus major is continued, or arises by as many 



