156 Bangs The Squirrels of Eastern North America, 



occipitonasal length, 65.2; zygomatic breadth, 35; greatest height of cra 

 nium above palate, 19.8; greatest length of single half of mandible, 37.2. 

 Size. Average measurements of five adult specimens from Liberty 

 Hill, Conn. : total length, 505.5; tail vertebrae, 230.6; hind foot, 71.7 



General remarks. Mr. Rhoads, in the appendix to his edition of Ord 

 (1894, p. 19), tries to bring into use Ord's name Sciurus pennsylvanicus for 

 the northern gray squirrel, calling it Sciurus carolinensis pennsylvanicus 

 (Ord). Ord's name is a nomen nudum, and has no standing in nomen 

 clature, even if we can guess the species he meant to apply it to. Gapper's 

 name leucotis is well founded and has been in current use for nearly 

 twenty years, ever since Allen reestablished it in his Monograph of the 

 American Sciuridse in 1877. 



About Ord's Sciurus hiemalis I feel some doubt. The name unquestion 

 ably was given to a gray squirrel in winter pelage, but from the locality 

 attributed it, " Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey," the animal was probably 

 intermediate between the southern and northern grays, and it therefore 

 seems wiser to allow Gapper's name to stand for the northern gray 

 squirrel. 

 Specimens examined. Total number, 33, from the following localities: 



Ontario : Mount Forest, 1. 



Wisconsin : Madison, 1. 



Minnesota: Elk River, 1. 



Massachusetts: Belmont, 1 ; Brookline, 15; Wareham, 4; Marthas 

 Vineyard, 2. 



Connecticut : Liberty Hill, 8. 



Sciurus carolinensis hypophaeus Merriam. Merriam's Gray Squirrel. 



1886. Sciurus carolinensis hypophxus Merriam, Science, Vol. VIII, p. 351 > 

 April 16, 1886; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI 

 1894, p. 171, foot-note. 



Type locality. Elk River, Minnesota. 



Geographic distribution The edge of the forest belt in Minnesota (a 

 region having quite a distinctive mammalian fauna). Limits of range 

 unknown. 



General characters. Size large, equaling that of leucotis. Color of upper 

 parts rather darker than in leucotis and encroaching all round on under 

 parts, leaving only a small central streak of white on belly. Soles of feet 

 densely furred in winter between the pads, naked in summer. Ears well 

 tufted in winter. Pelage in winter very long and full. 



Color. In winter upper parts dark iron gray, mixed with yellowish and 

 rusty ; the hairs banded, yellowish rusty and black, and somewhat tipped 

 with white; a small irregular central streak of white on belly; rest of 

 under parts like back ; chest and under side of neck sometimes uniform 

 yellowish brown ; tail dark, the black band of hairs longer and the white 

 tips shorter than in leucotis ; ear tufts well developed in winter, yellowish 

 white ; in summer the general color is darker and more yellowish, owing 

 to the wearing down of the hair. 



