The Earliest Record of Arctic Plants. 105 



flowers of the foregoing species, if there had been any, instead 

 of simply speaking about their forming small heads, a fact which 

 seems to favor the supposition that he meant the bulblets, as I 

 have mentioned above. 



Four species of " Hanen-Fussen " (" Crowfoot ") are also fully 

 described and accurately figured. One of these, however, is 

 Saxtfraga rivularis L. (Table H, Fig. C). The others are : Ra 

 nunculus hyperboreus Rottb. (Table H, Fig. c), R. pygmseus Wahlbg. 

 (Table G, Fig. e), and R. sulphureus Soland (Table I, Fig. d). 

 The Saxifraga he describes as having white petals, and the figure 

 given is a good illustration of this species. Ray has named these 

 "Ranunculi Spitzbergenses. " 



u Loffel-Kraut " is a species of Cochlearia, and this name is 

 still the popular one for the plant. It was undoubtedly C. 

 fenestrata R. Br., which is so far the only known species from 

 Spitzbergen. Ray, it appears, accepted Martens' identification, 

 but, although he did not find any difference between this and 

 C. Britanica, he nevertheless called it C. Spitzbergensis. 



The " Kraut als Mauerpfeffer " (Table F, Fig. c) is Saxifraga 

 oppositifolia L. "Mauerpfeffer" is now the German name for 

 some Sedum, to which the plant shows great resemblance. The 

 flowers are described as purple, which agrees well with this 

 species of Saxifraga. Ray called it "Sedum minimum vermiculatum 

 purpureum Spitzbergense." 



" Natter-wurtz " (Table I, Fig. a) agrees well with Polygonum 

 viviparum L., according to the description and illustration. This 

 plant is very closely related to Polygonum bistorta, which is the 

 proper " Natterwurz " of the Germans. Ray came to the same 

 conclusion as Martens and named it "Bistorta minor Spitzber 

 gensis. " 



" Kraut als Maiise-Oehrlein " (Table G, Fig. d) is exceedingly 

 well illustrated and described and represents Cerastium alpinum 

 L., of which the German name is at present "Alpen-Hornkraut." 

 " Mauseoehrchen " is now used for Hieracium Pilosella L., while 

 " Mausoehrlein," according to Lceselius,* is the name for some 

 species of Gnaphalium and Myosotis. Myosotis is, so far as the name 

 itself is concerned, the only plant to which this name " Mouse- 

 ear " could be applied, as it was by Dioscorides, from the Greek 

 fj.os, a mouse, and <>?, WTO?, an ear. The leaves of Cerastium 

 alpinum very closely resemble those of a Myosotis, so that it can 



* Johannes Loeselius : Flora Prussica, Regensburg, 1703. 



