Bibliographical Notices, 399 



to have performed some experiments to ascertain the range of the 

 growth of the young salmon after its exclusion from the egg, and 

 those now described were begun after these trials, and prior expe- 

 rience, had brought the whole arrangement tolerably perfect. 



Mr. Shaw had made a series of small artificial ponds, having 

 a run of pure water passing through them ; and the lead bottoms 

 gravelled so as to resemble as near as possible the native spawn- 

 ing beds, and the resort of the young fry after they were hatched. 

 Two salmon were taken from their spawning-bed in the frith while 

 just ready to deposit their spawn ; these were made immediately to 

 shed their spawn together, in a pool formed for the purpose by the 

 side of the river, and the impregnated ova were afterwards removed 

 to Mr. Shaw's breeding pond. There it was hatched 101 days after 

 impregnation ; and at the age of six months, or in the November 

 following (the time when his paper was read), the young had attained 

 the length of about three inches. From these results Mr. Shaw 

 considers that the young or fry do not proceed to the sea in the same 

 year they are hatched, as has been generally supposed, but that they 

 remain in the fresh water over the first winter, and migrate about 

 the May following, or when about twelve or thirteen months old. 

 The fry or young salmon have hitherto been supposed to migrate to 

 the sea the same spring in which they were hatched from the egg ; 

 and if it shall be hereafter proved that they do not leave the rivers 

 for thirteen or fourteen months, it is evident that an immense destruc- 

 tion must take place during their continuance in the fresh water, a 

 circumstance of great importance to the fisheries. 



Botany. 

 I.. On the Tree which produces the Gamboge of Commerce. By R. 

 Wright. (Extracted from the Madras Journal.) Together with 

 explanatory notes by Dr. Grohm. The paper in the Madras Journal 

 is written after reading Dr. Grohm's papers in the Companion to 

 the Botanical Magazine, and evidently to a certain extent misunder- 

 standing the latter author, from having not seen all the accounts 

 which had been published in this country. Dr. Grohm corrects and 

 explains his own observations, in the remarks which accompany the 

 Madras extract ; but nothing new has been elicited since we for- 

 merly noticed the subject. — II. On Alym which communicate a red 

 colour to the waters of some salt marshes. By M. Dunal. In seve- 

 ral of the Continental salt-works the crystals were often observed 

 to be of a beautiful rose colour, or the water to have a ferruginous 

 orange tint, at the edges of which was also observed a scum of the 



