512 Geological Society. 



ries of experiments on aqueous deposits of different kinds and ages, 

 and found fluorine also present in them, with a single exception. 

 He refers its presence in bones to deposition from fluids, and hence 

 accounts for its great abundance in fossil bones, which had long been 

 exposed to aqueous infiltration. 



2. " On the Cliffs of Northern Drift on the Coast of Norfolk be- 

 tween Weybourne and Happisburgh." By Mr. J. Trimmer. 



The author describes such changes as have occurred along the line 

 of cliffs between Weybourne and Happisburgh since Mr. Lyell's visit 

 in 1840. He gives an account of the present state of the pinnacle 

 of chalk at Old Hythe point, and holds with Mr. Lyell, that it is 

 separated from the fundamental chalk by the ferruginous breccia of 

 the crag. The southern mass of chalk near Trimmingham has been 

 greatly reduced. The author's observations lead him to conclude 

 that the till and freshwater deposit between Mundesley and Trim- 

 mingham are so interlaced as to indicate that they were in part 

 contemporaneous. He regards the northern drift containing shells 

 as having been transported on ice, but as differing materially from 

 ordinary raised beaches. Mr. Trimmer concludes from the pheno- 

 mena exhibited at Happisburgh, that the land on which the elephant 

 and hippopotamus lived was submerged beneath an icy sea, and that 

 there was an antecedent conversion of a sea-bottom, the Norwich 

 crag, into a terrestrial surface. 



3. A letter was read from Mr. Jeffreys of Swansea, to the Rev. Dr. 

 Buckland, describing several raised sea-bottoms, forming platforms 

 on the shores of Loch Carron and the neighbouring coast of Scot- 

 land, some of them fifty feet and more above high-water mark, con- 

 taining shells similar to those found living in the neighbouring sea. 



June 26. — The following papers were read : — 



1. " Notice of the Tertiary Deposits in the South of Spain." By 

 Mr. Smith of Jordan Hill. 



The author has found a tertiary deposit bordering the Bay of 

 Gibraltar. This agrees in its fossils with those observed by Colonel 

 Silvertop in Murcia and Granada. Mr. Smith has found similar 

 beds at Cadiz, and between Xeres and Seville. All these deposits 

 agree with those of Malta and Lisbon, and belong to a great expanse 

 of miocene tertiary, which runs from Greece to the Straits of Gibral- 

 tar, and the shores of Portugal, and from Malta to Vienna. 



2. " On the Stonesfield Slate of the Cotteswold Hills." By Mr. 

 Buckman and the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 



The Stonesfield slate in the Cotteswold range occupies an area of 

 more than fifty miles. It is identical in lithological and palaeonto- 

 logical characters with that at Stonesfield. It is so intermixed with 

 as scarcely to be separable from the ragstone, and hence the authors 

 conclude that it is a part of the great oolitic formation, and was de- 

 posited by the same sea in which the great oolite itself was formed, 

 and owed its origin to certain mixed conditions arising from the in- 

 flux of rivers into an ocean interspersed with numerous scattered 

 islands, abounding with a luxuriant vegetation, and inhabited by 

 numerous terrestrial animals ; which view, they hold, is borne out 



