152 Supposed Connection of Meteoric Phenomena, 



and Nov. 1. 1823, during a sudden hurricane off the east 

 coast of England, the tide was an hour and a half before its 

 time. Exactly similar to what took place on Aug. 31. 1833, 

 were the great ebb and sudden return of the tide, in the 

 Thames, as far as Gravesend, with the wind at s.w., on 

 Feb. 6. 1822; and, again, on March 5. 1822, and Oct. 20. 

 1827, hurricanes extending from England to the West Indies. 

 During the dreadful gales of Oct. 23. 1834, the tides of He- 

 ligoland were frightfully high, the effects of the wind from 

 the n.w. It is an ascertained fact that the great inundations 

 to which St. Petersburg is subject are occasioned by s.w. 

 and w. winds, about the autumnal equinox, near fall moon, 

 blowing over the Baltic, after n.w. gales in the North Sea. 

 On the other hand, during the prevalence of east winds, the 

 water is so forced back that Cronstadt harbour is often left 

 dry. In Tooke's Russian Empire (vol. i.), a list of these 

 inundations is given. He mentions one particular instance, 

 the inundation of Sept. 9-10. 1777 (three days after full 

 moon), when the whole city was laid under water, and all the 

 bridges were carried away, a violent storm from s.w. and w. 

 raging all the v/hile till 5 a.m. At 8 a.m. the wind chopped 

 round to n.w., and drove all the water back again. This 

 storm was supposed to have its origin from the North Sea. 

 It was not my intention to include in this paper any notices 

 of 1835; but, as an appropriate illustration, I cannot refrain 

 from observing, that, on Jan. 16. 1835, we had here a violent 

 gale from s.w. (from 11 p.m. on the 15th, to 3 p.m. on the 

 16th), attended by a higher tide, by several feet, than ever 

 known since the famous storm of November 24. 1824. The 

 harbours all along this part of the southern coast were filled 

 with an enormous body of water, as at Weymouth, Poole, 

 &c. ; and, though the wind had certainly somewhat to do 

 with it, I cannot help thinking that there was another cause 

 acting from below, which threw into our harbours the amazing 

 flood which accompanied the gale. On the 18th, the wind 

 blew a hard gale from the east ; and, on the 19th and 20th, 

 occurred a sudden and furious gale from the north, sprinkling 

 even our hills (a thing very unusual in this neighbourhood, 

 even in winter time) with a slight covering, and blocking up 

 the North of England, Scotland, and Ireland with a heavy 

 accumulation of snow; on the 19th occurring a shock of earth- 

 quake at Chichester. During the hurricanes of October, 

 1834, the town of Embden suffered continual inundations 

 from the forcing of the water of the Channel by the wind. 



We have already seen what is related of the sea, during the 

 hurricane at Balasore, in 1831, of the swell during the West 



