of Forest Vegetation on Climate. 



475 



whence Lipiec, July, the month in which this tree blossoms*), 

 T. grandifoiia. 8. Populus nigra, P. alba, P. tremula. 9. 

 Pyrus Malus sylvestris, P. Py raster, Cerasus Padus. 10. 

 y/ v cer campestre, A. Pseudo-Platan us. 11. LHmus campes- 

 tris. 12. Praxinus excelsior, f 



It does not seem necessary to enumerate the shrubs and 

 plants, which may be found enumerated in the work itself, 

 and in Dr. Gilbert's Flora Lithuanica, G rod use, 1781. 



These particulars are taken from the work here and there, 

 without order, as necessary to the full understanding of the 

 point in question ; but, indeed, the whole book is worthy 

 of translation, for it throws great light upon the administration 

 of the " woods and forests " of Russia, and is deeply inter- 

 esting on account of the branches of natural history on which 

 it treats. But my object is to notice the following statement. 

 The author says, — " The latitude under which the greatest 

 part of Poland and Lithuania is situated is not the only cause 



* This is not the only instance in which the seasons are indicated by 

 the blossoming of trees and flowers : it is a common practice with the 

 Indians of Demerara. (Gard. Mag., xi. 487.) 



f The following table, taken from a larger one, gives the age and dimen- 

 sions of some of the trees : — 



JPinus sylvestris 

 (pine) 



A s bies Picea 

 (silver fir) 



Quercus (oak) < 



Carpinus (horn- J 

 beam) - j 



#etula (birch) j 

 yf cer (maple) - 



Years. 



170 

 180 



190 

 200 

 120 

 160 

 170 

 190 

 180 

 200 

 230 

 300 

 90 

 100 

 120 



90 

 120 



110 



1 Three quarters 

 I sand, and one 

 j quarter vege- 

 J table soil 



} Marshy vege- 

 table soil, min- 

 gled with sand 



Deep vegetable 

 J- soil, moderate- 

 I ly moist 



1 Deep vegetable 

 j- soil, moderate- 

 J ly moist 



}Deep vegetable 

 soil, moderate- 

 ly moist 

 }Deep vegetable 

 soil, moderate- 

 ly moist 



Height 

 of tree 

 in feet. 



129 

 118 

 130 

 111 

 110 

 119 

 115 

 120 

 103 

 110 

 130 

 100 

 90 

 75 

 80 



95 

 100 



92 



Thickness 

 of trunk at 

 bottom in 

 inches. 



36-2 

 38-2 

 38-5 

 395 

 30-2 

 40-0 

 44-2 

 48-0 

 43-2 

 46- 1 

 48-0 

 55-0 

 22-0 

 23-2 

 26-7 



24*1 

 26*1 



24-1 



Increase, 

 in last 30 

 years, in 

 cubic ft. 



87 



81 



78 



63 



139 



149 



137 



129 



183 



193 



182 



136 



52 



40 



41 



48 

 37 



80 



The age of the oak varies from 500 to 600 years in this forest ; but the 

 author says he has seen, on the edge of the forest in the district of Niez- 

 nanow, the fragments of a lime tree which had a diameter of 82 in., and 

 had 815 layers: the pine seldom lives more than 300 years. 



L L 2 



