540 Natural History of the Alleghany Mountains, 



Order V. Grallce, Waders. Order VI. A'nseres, Swinwiers. 



Charadrius, Plover. J v nas, Duck, 



tfcolopax Wilsonw, Snipe. Blue-winged duck. 



? rusticola, Woodcock. C'olymbus glacialis, Loon, or great 

 Tringa, Sandpiper? northern diver. 



Rallus virginianus, Rail. Wild swan and White gull. 



AMPHI'BIA. 



Reptilia. Order I. Chelonia. Order II. Opkidia, Serpents. 



Cistuda clausa, Common land tor- Crotalus durissus, Banded rattle" 



toise. snake. 



Chelonura serpentina, Snapping Coluber constrictor, Black snake. 



turtle. sipedon, Water snake. 



E v mys concentrica, Terrapin, or Fipera, Copper head. 



fresh-water tortoise. Coluber sirtalis, Garter snake, 

 pfcta, Painted turtle. vernalis, Green snake. 



Lizards, many species. ordinatus, Striped snake. 



Salamander and Common frog. 



FISHES. 



i£ v sox Lucius, Pickerel, or pike. Cjprinus teres, Sucker. 



£almo .Fario, Common trout. ^(nguilla vulgaris, Common eel. 



Cyprinus oblongus, Chub. Sun fish. 



CRUSTA V CEA. 



-4'stacus Bartdni, Crawfish. 



Rattlesnakes are in great numbers in some parts of this 

 district, having their dens on the dry points of rocky ridges, 

 facing the south : but it is remarkable that they are seldom or 

 never found in those woods, in the same country, which consist 

 of beech and maples. We killed forty-one huge rattlesnakes 

 on one ridge, bordering Lycoming valley, during one month's 

 stay in August. Some of these were from 5 ft. to 6 ft. 2 in. 

 long, very thick, and truly formidable. Although I was in 

 the daily habit of finding these horrid reptiles coiled in my 

 path, I was only once struck at by one, and, fortunately, it did 

 not reach me. I have, however, had twice opportunities of 

 observing the rapid effects produced by the bites of this ter- 

 rible animal, upon men who were attached to the service on 

 which I was engaged. The first case was on the hand, which 

 swelled almost instantaneously, extending frightfully up to the 

 shoulder. We were then encamped near the summit of the 

 Alleghany ridge, late in the evening, and many miles from 

 medical assistance. In this emergency, amidst the alarm con- 

 sequent on such an event, and under such circumstances, the 

 poor man's life was, in all probability, saved by the coolness, 

 courage, and promptness of my amiable friend, Mr. H. Hop- 

 kins, now himself numbered with the dead, who sucked the 

 venom from the wounds. The hand was then scarified with 

 a razor, and a temporary kind of cupping apparatus, made 

 out of a common earthen jug, was applied, and fortunately 



