Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland. 113 



tirely distinct from P. Anglica, and a species unknown as British. 

 Mr. Gray makes Pfeiffer's Pupa bidentata, 1. 59. t. 3. f. 21, 22, syn- 

 onymous with P. Anglica, but judging from the diagnosis and 

 figures I cannot think them the same. 



3. Pupa marginata, Drap. p. 61. pi. 3. f. 36 — 38; Gray, Man. p. 

 196. pi. 7. f. 79f; Turt. Man. p. 98. f. 79. 



Is common, and although not generally diffused, is found from the 

 extreme north to south, and east to west of Ireland. It is particu- 

 larly partial to the sand-hills or pastures bordering the coast, and to 

 marine islets, as those in Strangford lough — in the inland parts of 

 the country it likewise occurs. The tooth is rarely visible : speci- 

 mens containing the living animal are not unfrequently of a whitish 

 colour J. 



9. Vertigo, Miiller. 



1. V. edentula, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 199. pi. 7. f. 80 ; Rossmassler, 

 x. p. 28. tab. 49. f. 646. 

 Pupa edentula, Drap. p. 59. pi. 3. f. 28, 29 ; Turt. Man. p. 99. 

 f. 80. 



This species is found from north to south of Ireland. Since Sep- 

 tember, 1832, I have met with it in numerous localities throughout 

 the counties of Down and Antrim, at the Glen of the Downs in 

 Wicklow, and in shell-sand from Portmarnock (county Dublin). An- 

 nahoe, county Tyrone, Mr. E.Waller — La Bergerie, Queen's- county, 

 Mrs. Patterson (of Belfast) — neighbourhood of Cork, Rev. T. Hincks. 

 The typical form of V. edentula I generally find under stones ; the 

 elongated and cylindrical variety in woods — in autumn and winter 

 this latter is most readily obtained on the fallen leaves of trees ; in 

 summer, on the under side of the fronds of ferns (Aspidii, &c), the 

 shell and plant, though the naturalist only will perceive the former, 

 being in beauty equally attractive. This elongate variety has seven 

 and occasionally even eight volutions, and attains the length of 1^ 

 line : when of this size, the animal §, so very minute relatively to 

 the shell, has a grotesque appearance when bearing this along, 

 which is carried singularly erect, not more out of the perpendicular 

 than the leaning tower at Pisa ! This variety, judging from descrip- 



f The larger wood-cut at p. 1 97, representing this species magnified, is 

 the most characteristic in the work. Rossmassler 's figure 323 is particu- 

 larly good. 



X Pupajunipera, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 197. pi. 7. f. 81. — Turbo juni- 

 peri, Mont. p. 340. t. 12. f. 12. 

 P. Secale, Drap. p. 64. pi. 3. f. 49, 50.—Vertigo Secale, Turt. Man. p. 

 101. f. 81. 

 In a list of additions to the Irish Fauna published in the Lond. and Edin. 

 Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 300, this species was enumerated in consequence of my 

 having been assured that specimens which I saw in a Dublin collection were 

 found in this country — their owner now believes that they must have been 

 brought from England. 



§ When adult, the animal varies in colour from greyish-white to black- 

 ish-grey. 



Am. # Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1840. i 



