222 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



as my experience goes, these are likewise less subject to verdi 

 gris than the other families. 



3. All dung-inhabiting Coleoptera, no matter to what family 

 they belong, verdigris badly. So far as I can see there is no 

 exception, and this rule can also be extended to the other 

 Orders. 



4. Terrestrial predaceous Coleoptera do not verdigris. In 

 Carabidae the species of Lebia and allied genera form an excep 

 tion, though not a very marked one, but in the predaceous 

 Staphylinidae the genus Staphylinus and certain species of Phi- 

 lonthus verdigris badly. It will be seen, however, that these 

 are species the larvae of which live in dung or decaying fungi. 



5. Coleoptera, which in the larva state live in the ground and 

 feed externally on the roots of plants, are either free from ver 

 digris or at least rarely so badly infested that they are ruined. 

 Here belong the phytophagous Scarabaeidse, a portion of Chry- 

 somelidae (Eumolpini, etc.), a portion of the Tenebrionidae and 

 the Otiorhynchidae. 



6. Myrmecophilous Coleoptera, no matter to what family they 

 belong, verdigris badly. This holds also true of myrmecophi- 

 lous species of other orders, e. g., the Dipterous genus Merodon 

 and the Orthopterous genus Myrmecophila . On the other hand 

 Coleopterous parasites of bees do not verdigris. It will be no 

 ticed that there appears to be here a correlation between the 

 hosts and their parasites, the Formicidse being among the worst 

 insects for verdigris while the Apidse are almost the only fam 

 ily of Hymenoptera w r hich are free therefrom. 



7. Old alcoholic specimens, /. <?., such as have been kept in 

 alcohol for a year or longer, never verdigris. I have also been 

 informed from reliable source that specimens left in alcohol for 

 a day or two are less subject to verdigris than the same species 

 killed in cyanide of potassium. 



8. If many specimens of a species known to be badly subject 

 to verdigris are pinned it will almost always be found that a 

 few specimens remain free from verdigris. 



Prof. Riley said that the experience of Mr. Schwarz in the 

 matter of verdigrising was similar to that of all entomolo 

 gists who had much to do with pinned specimens, and corres 

 pond with his own, as exemplified in the national collection. 

 He said that in general endophytous larvae are subject to greas 

 ing, and that greasing was almost always accompanied by the for 

 mation of verdigris. In reference to the statement made by Mr. 

 Schwarz that water-bugs do not grease, he remarked that this 

 was only partially true and that certain species grease very 



