282 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



wings are always flat. The eyes, when present, are always placed 

 on the side of these wings, and in the instance where the shield 

 reaches the lateral margin of the body the eyes are found upon 

 the edge of this margin. 



The upper side of the female body is generally marked by two 

 or three more or less distinct longitudinal impressed lines, which 

 are due to the insertion of the internal system of the supero- 

 inferior muscles on both the dorsal and ventral integument. They 

 show even in the greatly distended body of the parasitic state as 

 fine lines. 



The dorsal surface, the shield as well as the abdomen, is in cer 

 tain genera (Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Dermacentor, and 

 Hcemalastor?) ornamented by silvery shining or dull, tallow-like 

 colored figures which are of a constant character and therefore 

 excellent criteria for the respective species. This is, however, 

 only the case in the free-living state, as in the distended body of 

 the parasite the markings of the abdomen disappear and only those 

 of the shield remain. 



The underside of the female body is generally less hard, more 

 membraneous, and of a paler color. The peculiar impressed lines 

 which divide the ventral surface I have spoken of above, and the 

 orifices found here I will consider hereafter. 



The mature male is easily recognized by its often considerably 

 smaller size, the more elongated form of the body, and the exten 

 sion of the shield over the whole surface. The smooth and glossy 

 dorsal surface is interspersed with many minute punctures, and 

 the margin of the body always bears a rim, even in those genera 

 in which the female is without one, the posterior border being 

 lobed as in the other sex. A peculiar feature of the male of 

 Hyalomma and Boophilus is to be found in some plate-like 

 structures on the underside and at the posterior region. Here the 

 impressed longitudinal lines, which run from the genital orifice to 

 the posterior margin, terminate on each side in long, lamellae- 

 like pieces which are, particularly at their pointed posterior region, 

 elevated and separated from the ventral surface. A similar but 

 smaller lamella lies externally on each side of these two larger 

 ones. 



We have hitherto studied the Tick in its free-living state, caught 

 in the fields and in the high grass of meadows and pastures. We 



