OF WASHINGTON. 311 



which they called patagia. .Chrebrier was, however, the first to 

 discover them, though he probably confounded them with the 

 tegulas. Burmeister entirely overlooks the presence of the pata- 

 gial appendages of the prothorax, and asserts that the patagia of 

 Kirby and Spence are identical with their tegulas, which cover the 

 base of the anterior wings (page 78), and his remark (page 77) 

 that the patagia of Kirby and Spence, which they considered as 

 appendages of the prothorax, are not set upon this but upon the 

 mesothorax, indicates his entire failure to observe the true pa 

 tagia of the prothorax. He adopts also the term patagia for the 

 tegulas. It seems that from this error a general confusion relat 

 ing to these appendages has arisen, and a number of lepidopter- 

 ists have followed Burmeister blindly in confounding the patagia 

 with the true tegulas, or rather in ignoring the former and apply 

 ing the term patagia to the tegulas proper, and this, in spite of the 

 fact that Kirby and Spence had clearly defined the two structures 

 and figured them, and that Westwood had later called attention to 

 the very confusion which lepidopterists had before made and have 

 since continued. Thus Packard in his " Guide " does not de 

 scribe the patagia, but uses the term for the tegulas. Minot & 

 Burgess (Fourth Rep. U. S. E. C.) call the true patagia two 

 pendulous lobes which project from the upper sides of the pro- 

 thorax, the real homology of which is said not to be determined. 

 They follow Packard in calling the tegulas patagia. J. B. Smith 

 has, in his writings, so far as I can find, omitted all mention of 

 these organs. Mr. C. H. French, in his Butterflies of the East 

 ern U. S., simply says: " The only appendages of the prothorax 

 are a series of scales arising from the upper side, forming a collar, 

 and on each side a small scaly piece covering the base of the fore- 

 wings and known as the shoulder tuft, lappet, or pterygoid." 

 He evidently refers here to the tegulas, which are not attached to 

 the prothorax as stated. W. F. Kirby, in the chapter on butter 

 flies, etc., in Cassell's Natural History, refers to the tegulas as the 

 scapulas, and does not mention the patagia. The same author, in 

 his European Butterflies and Moths, does not refer specifically to 

 these parts, but mentions a tuft of scales on the thorax behind the 

 collar. J. H. Comstock uses the term " paraptera " for tegulas, 

 and calls attention to the various terms that have been used for 

 these " leaf-like epaulets," remarking that in theLepidoptera they 

 are very large and are usually termed patagia. He falls into the 

 same error as Packard and Minot, and seems to overlook the true 

 patagia on the prothorax. Scudder follows Minot and calls the 

 patagia in butterflies the " prothoracic lobes." The original defi 

 nitions by Westwood and Kirby and Spence should evidently be 

 our guides in the nomenclature of these parts, viz : 



Patagia, concavo-convex scales covered with hairs on the upper 

 side of the prothorax. 



