238 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



Gastropacha pini, but a general trial of these means against 

 the latter pest did not appear to have been made until 1868, and 

 in the same year the present ' ' insect lime ' ' was invented and 

 manufactured by Schindler & Mutzell at Stettin, Soap and 

 Candle Makers, which obviated the objections to the use of tar. 



There are now more than a dozen firms engaged in produc 

 ing preparations of this kind. 



The effect of the bands is not to catch the larvae but probably 

 due to the odor, which keeps them from passing the band, the 

 caterpillars collecting in masses below it. This observation 

 has led to a system of quarantine by surrounding infested 

 areas with poles covered with lime over which the caterpillars 

 do not pass. 



Besides the simple spattle originally used to put on the lime, 

 there are now fifteen different contrivances described, and 

 several apparatus for smoothing the face of the bark where 

 the band is to go. (Some of these machines were described 

 and drawings exhibited.) The cost of liming old trees per 

 acre of forest inclusive of material is from $1.00 to $3.00, the 

 lime costing about $2 per one hundred pounds forty to seventy 

 pounds being needed per acre. 



The latest method of using the lime, commendable for 

 orchard and park trees, is by a piece of rope, first impregnated 

 with tar oil and then covered with the lime. An apparatus 

 for fastening the rope around the trunk enables two men and a 

 boy to cover 1,000 trees in two and one-half days. 



According to Altum, the lime has been used with success 

 against the following insect ravagers : By smearing on egg 

 colonies and preventing their hatching against Ocneria dispar, 

 Leucoma salicis and Orgyia pudibunda ; by daubing infested 

 parts against Ceddomyia saliciperda, Hylesinus fraxini and 

 micans, Grapholitha zebeana and pactolana ; by bands against 

 Gastropacha pini, to fight which this method was invented, 

 also against Psilura monacha, Cheimatobia brunata, Hylobius 

 abietis. 



Prof. Riley presented a paper entitled "A New Herbarium 

 Pest," in which he described the transformations and habits of 

 a small Geometrid Moth (Carphoxera ptelearia nov. gen. et sp.) 

 which during the last two years has seriously infested and 

 damaged the herbarium specimens in the Botanical Division of 

 the Agricultural Department. These larvae were first noticed 

 on plants from the Southwest U. S. and have confined their 

 work in the main to plants from that section, but are also 

 spreading to Kastern plants. 



