154 Miscellaneous. 



the Kolehan from Singbhoom, rises to the north-west of Porahaut, 

 and enters the Kurkye near the junction of that river with the Soo- 

 bum-rekha ; the Roro, twelve miles south of the former, a narrow but 

 deep and swift stream, and the Eeleegarra and Toorul still further 

 south, take a like course above the step ; the Des Nye runs west- 

 ward and falls into the Kolekaro, near its confluence with the Ko'il ; 

 and near the southern limits of the Kolehan, the different streams 

 take a south and west direction, falling into the Bhundun and By- 

 turnee, which last, running through vast and lonely forests, separates 

 the Kolehan from Jushpoor and Rorwan in Moherbunj, and Kalka- 

 pershaud in Keonjur. There are two water-falls on the borders of 

 the Kolehan, which I have never visited, but which, by the descrip- 

 tion of the natives, must be well worth seeing. The Bunnye, run- 

 ning between Sonepoor and Singbhoom, is said to roll its waters 

 into a profound cave, from which spot it pursues its course under- 

 ground, and is supposed to join the Kole Karo. The fall is called 

 Paraa-ghag, and is a tiruth, but so remote from habitation and buried 

 in such deep woods as to be seldom visited, except by the Sonepoor 

 Koles and Bhooians of Porahaut and Bundgaon. On the confines of 

 Baumunghattee also is a singular cascade, described to me as a single 

 thread of water pouring down a wall-like precipice of 200 or 300 feet 

 in height. It is called by the Baumunghattee Oorias, Muchkandnee 

 Jhurna ; and by the Koles, Hakoo-yamdah, meaning in either lan- 

 guage, " The fall of the weeping-fish," from some whimsical story 

 of the fish complaining of the impossibility of scaling the cataract, to 

 emerge from the dreary abyss, through which the stream winds below. 

 The peculiar distribution of the hills in this country, running in 

 parallel ranges, precludes the formation of lakes, which are unknown. 

 These ranges are not of very great height, the loftiest, which are 

 in Saruda, not appearing above 1000 feet above the plain. They are 

 however intersected in parts by profound valleys, which give the 

 hills, from that side, an appearance of great magnitude. They are 

 chiefly quartz, in all stages of decomposition, permeated by limestone 

 rocks ; smaller detached ranges, issuing at right angles to these, are 

 commonly of micaceous slate. From Chyebassa, proceeding easterly 

 into Koochoong, are low ridges perfectly parallel, about half a mile 

 to a mile apart, gradually increasing in height till the series is closed 

 by the Choivria hills in Koochoong. They are composed of loose 

 rocks, resembling (if they are not) clink stone ; but the larger ridge3 

 are of coarse granite. The northern part of the Kolehan consists in 

 a great measure of sterile plains, scattered with quartz boulders, 

 stones, and pebbles, some crystallized. The beds of the nullahs are 

 a shingle composed of jasper (of all hues), green-stone, quartz peb- 

 bles, and flint. The bed of the Byturnee is lined with flattened peb- 

 bles and lumps of jasper of bright yellow, red, purple, and black, 

 disposed in parallel streaks or ribbons, as if artificially inlaid. The 

 corundum is found in great quantities at Juggernathpoor on the up- 

 per step of the Kolehan, and several nullahs run through beds of ar- 

 gillaceous earth, from the brightest scarlet to pure white, which are 

 highly in request among the natives. The whole of these streams 

 wash down more or less gold, but the Koles know not how to eollect 



